Why are anopheline mosquitoes not present in the Seychelles?

Malaria Journal

Research

Steven M Goodman¹  Gérard Rocamora²  Vincent Robert³  Simon Julienne⁴ 

[1] Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, 60605, Chicago, Illinois, USA;Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;Island Conservation Society, PO Box 775, Pointe Larue, Mahé, Seychelles;MIVEGEC Maladies infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (IRD 224, CNRS 5290, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2), Centre IRD France-Sud, BP 64501, 911 Avenue Agropolis, 34394, cedex 5, Montpellier, France;Ministry of Health, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles;

关键词: Malaria;    Malaria Vector;    Adult Mosquito;    Terrestrial Mammal;    Anopheline Mosquito;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-10-31

 received in 2010-11-18, accepted in 2011-02-08,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSpecies of anopheline mosquitoes are largely distributed over emerged lands around the world and, within the tropics, few areas are without these insects, which are vectors of malaria parasites. Among the exceptions is the Seychelles archipelago in the western Indian Ocean. However, in the Aldabra island group, located in the extreme western portion of the archipelago, Anopheles gambiae s.l. was introduced, leading to massive proliferation and then elimination, with the most recent autochthonous malaria cases recorded in 1931.MethodsIn order to re-examine the absence of anopheline mosquitoes in the Seychelles, an entomological field survey was conducted in December 2008 at 17 sites on four granitic islands, including Mahé and Praslin, and ten sites on coralline atolls in the extreme west, including Aldabra.ResultsNo evidence of larval or adult anophelines was found at the surveyed sites, which supports their absence in the Seychelles.ConclusionsIn the granitic islands of the Seychelles, the climate is favourable for anophelines. However, these islands are protected by their remoteness and prevailing seasonal winds. In addition, stagnant freshwater, required in anopheline larval development, is relatively uncommon on the granitic islands because of the steep slopes. In the southwestern atolls (Aldabra and Providence-Farquhar groups), the presence of a long dry season of up to nine months and the total absence of permanent natural freshwater prevents the breeding of anophelines and their successful colonization. The Seychelles does not have any native land mammals and like in other parts of the world (Antarctica, Iceland, New Caledonia, Central Pacific islands) their absence is associated with the lack of anophelines. This suggests an obligatory relationship for anophelines to feed on terrestrial mammals, without alternative for blood-feeding sources, such as bats, birds and reptiles.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Robert et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011