Hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (HyCoSy): evaluation of the pain perception, side effects and complications

BMC Medical Imaging

Research Article

Annalisa Sebastianelli¹  Luisa Caponecchia¹  Pietro Salacone¹  Immacolata Marcucci¹  Nicolina Pacini¹  Aurelio Aniceto Marcucci¹  Rocco Rago¹  Giuseppe Lo Monte²  Roberto Marci² 

[1] Department of Andrology and Pathophysiology of Reproduction, S. Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, Italy;Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Aldo Moro 8, 44124, Ferrara, Cona, Italy;

关键词: Tubal patency;    Female infertility;    HyCoSy;    Pain perception;    Transvaginal sonography;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2342-13-28

 received in 2012-12-10, accepted in 2013-08-05,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundTubal and uterine cavity diseases commonly compromise female fertility. At the present time, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy with chromopertubation and RX-Hysterosalpingography (RX-HSG) are widely accepted screening procedures enabling the effective assessment of both tubal patency and uterine cavity. Nevertheless, consistent evidence supports the reliability of Hysterosalpingocontrast sonography (HyCoSy) in uterine cavity and tubal patency investigation, as a part of the standard infertility work-up. This prospective study was aimed at evaluating the tolerability of the technique as well as the incidence of related side effects and complications in a large series of infertile patients.MethodsPain perception of 632 infertile women was measured by means of an 11-point numeric rating scale. Side effects and late complications were also recorded.ResultsThe mean numeric rating scale was 2.15 ± 2.0 SD. Most of the patients (374/632, 59.17%) rated HyCoSy as a non-painful procedure, whereas 24.36% (154/632) women reported mild pelvic pain and 9.96% (63/632) classified the discomfort as “moderate”. Only 6.48% (41/632) of the patient population experienced severe pelvic pain. Fifteen (2.37%) patients required drug administration for pain relief. Twenty-six patients (4.11%) showed mild vaso-vagal reactions that resolved without atropine administration. No severe vaso-vagal reactions or late complications were observed.ConclusionsHyCoSy is a well-tolerated examination and the associated vagal effects are unusual and generally mild. Consequently, we support its introduction as a first-line procedure for tubal patency and uterine cavity investigation in infertile women.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Marci et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013