HIV-1 co-receptor usage:influence on mother-to-child transmission and pediatric infection

Journal of Translational Medicine

Review

Mariangela Cavarelli¹  Gabriella Scarlatti¹ 

[1] Unit of Viral Evolution and Transmission, Division of Immunology, Transplant and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy;

关键词: Trophoblastic Cell;    Proviral Load;    Viral Phenotype;    Chimeric Receptor;    Placental Macrophage;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1479-5876-9-S1-S10

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Viral CCR5 usage is not a predictive marker of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1. CXCR4-using viral variants are little represented in pregnant women, have an increased although not significant risk of transmission and can be eventually also detected in the neonates. Genetic polymorphisms are more frequently of relevance in the child than in the mother. However, specific tissues as the placenta or the intestine, which are involved in the prevalent routes of infection in MTCT, may play an important role of selective barriers.The virus phenotype of the infected children, like that of adults, can evolve from R5 to CXCR4-using phenotype or remain R5 despite clinical progression to overt immune deficiency. The refined classification of R5 viruses into R5narrow and R5broad resolves the enigma of the R5 phenotype being associated with the state of immune deficiency. Studies are needed to address more in specific the relevance of these factors in HIV-1 MTCT and pediatric infection of non-B subtypes.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Cavarelli and Scarlatti; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.