Blackwater fever in Congolese children: a report of clinical, laboratory features and risk factors

Malaria Journal

Research

Kenji Hirayama¹  Jan Verhaegen²  Michel N Aloni³  Joseph M Bodi⁴  Célestin N Nsibu⁴  Roland L Longenge⁴  Pierre M Tshibassu⁵  Patrick K Kayembe⁶  Pierre Z Akilimali⁶  Ahmeddin H Omar⁷ 

[1] Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (Nekken), University of Nagasaki, Tokyo, Japan;Department of Microbiology, Katholieke Universiteit de Leuven, Brussels, Belgium;Department of Paediatrics, Division of Haemato-oncology and Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital of Kinshasa, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Kinshasa, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Gastroenterology and neurology Unit, University Hospital of Kinshasa, School of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo;Division of Malaria Control (DOMC), Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya;

关键词: Blackwater fever;    Children;    Quinine ingestion;    Parasitaemia;    Kinshasa;    Democratic Republic of Congo;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-12-205

 received in 2013-03-06, accepted in 2013-06-11,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundBlackwater fever (BWF) is one of the severe forms of malaria. This complication was first described among non-immune European expatriates in the malaria endemic areas. Recently, resurgence of this form of malaria has been reported among the indigenous populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk factors among BWF patients.MethodsA case–control study was conducted between in four hospitals located in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo from January 2010 to December 2011. One hundred and twenty nine children were recruited with 43 (cases) and 86 (control).ResultsNo significant difference in the gender and age distribution was observed between the case and control). The sex-ratio male to female in the case group and control group was respectively 1:1.0 and 1:1.1. The mean age was 8.62 years (SD = 3.84) in patients with haemoglobinuria and 8.55 years (SD = 3.77) in the control group. No difference in frequency of co-infection with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae was observed between the two groups. Significant differences in haemoglobin, haematocrit, creatinine, urea and platelets levels were observed between the two groups (p < 0.001), but not for blood group and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. Majority of the BWF cases occurred during the rainy season (88.4%). Treatment with quinine (95.3%) was significantly associated with cases (p < 0.001). Seven (16.2%) of the haemoglobinuric children developed acute renal failure.ConclusionRainy season, low parasitaemia and quinine ingestion were the major risk factors significantly associated with haemoglobinuria. Acute renal failure was observed as the major complication of BWF.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Bodi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013