Saharan dust and association between particulate matter and case-specific mortality: a case-crossover analysis in Madrid (Spain)

Environmental Health

Research

Cristina Linares¹  Aurelio Tobías²  Julio Díaz³ 

[1] Department of Environmental Epidemiology and Cancer, National Centre of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain;Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/JordiGirona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain;National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Avda.Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain;

关键词: Daily Mortality;    Warm Season;    Cold Season;    PM10 Concentration;    Saharan Dust;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1476-069X-11-11

 received in 2011-10-11, accepted in 2012-03-08,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundSaharan dust intrusions are a common phenomenon in the Madrid atmosphere, leading induce exceedances of the 50 μg/m3- EU 24 h standard for PM10.MethodsWe investigated the effects of exposure to PM10 between January 2003 and December 2005 in Madrid (Spain) on daily case-specific mortality; changes of effects between Saharan and non-Saharan dust days were assessed using a time-stratified case-crossover design.ResultsSaharan dust affected 20% of days in the city of Madrid. Mean concentration of PM10 was higher during dust days (47.7 μg/m3) than non-dust days (31.4 μg/m3). The rise of mortality per 10 μg/m3 PM10 concentration were always largely for Saharan dust-days. When stratifying by season risks of PM10, at lag 1, during Saharan dust days were stronger for respiratory causes during cold season (IR% = 3.34% (95% CI: 0.36, 6.41) versus 2.87% (95% CI: 1.30, 4.47)) while for circulatory causes effects were stronger during warm season (IR% = 4.19% (95% CI: 1.34, 7.13) versus 2.65% (95% CI: 0.12, 5.23)). No effects were found for cerebrovascular causes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of strongest effects of particulate matter during Saharan dust days, providing a suggestion of effect modification, even though interaction terms were not statistically significant. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanism by which Saharan dust increases mortality.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Díaz et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.