National mortality burden due to communicable, non-communicable, and other diseases in Ethiopia, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

Population Health Metrics

Research

Tilahun N. Haregu¹  Muluken Dessalegn²  Kebede Deribe³  Solomon Abrha Damtew⁴  Tolesa Bekele⁵  Yihunie Lakew⁶  Mesoud Mohammed⁷  Molla Gedefaw⁷  Mohsen Naghavi⁸  Tom Achoki⁸  Jed Blore⁸  Awoke Misganaw⁸  Kristopher J. Krohn⁸  Amare Deribew⁹  Semaw Ferede Abera^1,10  Gizachew Assefa Tessema^1,11  Azmeraw T. Amare^1,12  Yohannes Adama Melaku^1,13  Yibeltal Assefa^1,14  Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw^1,15 

[1] Africa Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya;Amref Health Africa in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK;School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolayta Sodo University, Sodo, Ethiopia;Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia;Ethiopian Public Health Association, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA;KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya;Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;St. Paul Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia;Institute for Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany;School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia;University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia;

关键词: Causes of death;    Mortality;    Communicable disease;    Non-communicable diseases;    Ethiopia;    Global burden of disease;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12963-017-0145-1

 received in 2016-05-26, accepted in 2017-07-14,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundEthiopia lacks a complete vital registration system that would assist in measuring disease burden and risk factors. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) estimates to describe the mortality burden from communicable, non-communicable, and other diseases in Ethiopia over the last 25 years.MethodsGBD 2015 mainly used cause of death ensemble modeling to measure causes of death by age, sex, and year for 195 countries. We report numbers of deaths and rates of years of life lost (YLL) for communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) disorders, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and injuries with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI) for Ethiopia from 1990 to 2015.ResultsCMNN causes of death have declined by 65% in the last two-and-a-half decades. Injury-related causes of death have also decreased by 70%. Deaths due to NCDs declined by 37% during the same period. Ethiopia showed a faster decline in the burden of four out of the five leading causes of age-standardized premature mortality rates when compared to the overall sub-Saharan African region and the Eastern sub-Saharan African region: lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal diseases; however, the same could not be said for ischemic heart disease and other NCDs. Non-communicable diseases, together, were the leading causes of age-standardized mortality rates, whereas CMNN diseases were leading causes of premature mortality in 2015. Although lower respiratory infections, tuberculosis, and diarrheal disease were the leading causes of age-standardized death rates, they showed major declines from 1990 to 2015. Neonatal encephalopathy, iron-deficiency anemia, protein-energy malnutrition, and preterm birth complications also showed more than a 50% reduction in burden. HIV/AIDS-related deaths have also decreased by 70% since 2005. Ischemic heart disease, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke were among the top causes of premature mortality and age-standardized death rates in Ethiopia in 2015.ConclusionsEthiopia has been successful in reducing deaths related to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional deficiency diseases and injuries by 65%, despite unacceptably high maternal and neonatal mortality rates. However, the country’s performance regarding non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease, was minimal, causing these diseases to join the leading causes of premature mortality and death rates in 2015. While the country is progressing toward universal health coverage, prevention and control strategies in Ethiopia should consider the double burden of common infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases: lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Prevention and control strategies should also pay special attention to the leading causes of premature mortality and death rates caused by non-communicable diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes. Measuring further progress requires a data revolution in generating, managing, analyzing, and using data for decision-making and the creation of a full vital registration system in the country.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017