Vitamin D deficiency among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their tuberculosis negative household contacts in Northwest Ethiopia: a case–control study

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials

Research

Shewaye Yismaw¹  Feleke Moges²  Belay Tessema²  Pedro G. Suarez³  Muluken Melese⁴  Dereje Habte⁴  Kassahun Melkieneh⁴  Nebiyu Hiruy⁴  Belaineh Girma⁵  Yewulsew Kassie⁶ 

[1] Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;Management Sciences for Health, Health Programs Group, Arlington, VA, USA;Management Sciences for Health, Help Ethiopia Address the Low Performance of Tuberculosis (HEAL TB) Project, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Monitoring and Evaluation TA, National Tuberculosis Program, Lilongwe, Malawi;USAID/Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

关键词: Vitamin D deficiency;    Tuberculosis;    Household contacts;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12941-017-0211-3

 received in 2016-09-15, accepted in 2017-05-04,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundVitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that increases the immunity against tuberculosis (TB), decreases the re-activation of latent TB and reduces the severity of active TB disease. Epidemiological studies on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and its association with TB showed inconsistent results in different countries. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with TB in Northwest Ethiopia.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their household contacts without symptoms suggestive of TB. Study participants were recruited at 11 TB diagnostic health facilities in North and South Gondar zones of Amhara region between May 2013 and April 2015. The spot-morning-spot sputum samples and 5 ml blood sample were collected prior to commencing TB treatment for the diagnosis of TB and serum vitamin D assay, respectively. The diagnosis of TB was performed using smear microscopy and GeneXpert. Serum vitamin D level was analyzed using VIDAS 25 OH Vitamin D Total testing kits (Biomerieux, Marcy I’Etoile, France) on mini VIDAS automated immunoassay platform. Vitamin D status was interpreted as deficient (<20 ng/ml), insufficient (20–29 ng/ml), sufficient (30–100 ng/ml) and potential toxicity (>100 ng/ml).ResultsOf the total study participants, 134 (46.2%) were vitamin D deficient, and only 56 (19.3%) had sufficient vitamin D level. A total of 59 (61.5%) TB patients and 75 (38.7%) non TB controls were vitamin D deficient. Results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed a significantly higher vitamin D deficiency among tuberculosis cases (p < 0.001), females (p = 0.002), and urban residents (p < 0.001) than their respective comparison groups. Moreover, age groups of 35–44 (p = 0.001), 45–54 (p = 0.003) and ≥55 (p = 0.001) years had significantly higher vitamin D deficiency compared with age group <15 years.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among TB patients and non TB controls in Ethiopia where there is year round abundant sunshine. Study participants with tuberculosis, females, older age groups, and urban residents had significantly higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. These findings warrant further studies to investigate the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in high TB burden countries like Ethiopia.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2017