Plasma levels of Galectin-9 reflect disease severity in malaria infection

Malaria Journal

Research

Srivicha Krudsood¹  Noppadon Tangpukdee²  Toshiro Niki³  Shigeyuki Kano⁴  Haorile Chagan-Yasutan⁵  Yugo Ashino⁵  Toshio Hattori⁶  Bindongo P. P. Dembele⁷  Egawa Shinichi⁷ 

[1] Clinical Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;Department of Immunology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan;GalPharma Co., Ltd., Takamatsu, Japan;Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;Division of Disaster-related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;Division of Disaster-related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;Emerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School of Health Science Studies, Kibi International University, 8 Igamachi, Takahashi, Okayama, Japan;Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan;

关键词: Malaria;    Malaria Infection;    Severe Falciparum Malaria;    Leptospirosis;    Malaria Patient;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-016-1471-7

 received in 2016-04-08, accepted in 2016-08-02,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundGalectin-9 (Gal-9) is a β-galactoside-binding lectin that interacts with sugar moieties on glycoproteins and glycolipids of cells and pathogens. Gal-9 is known as an immune modulator that induces cell death via interaction with T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim3), a co-inhibitory receptor, and it inhibits production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-6 and IL-1α) and enhances production of IL-10. To understand the immune pathology of malaria, the Gal-9 in plasma was measured.MethodsPlasma samples and clinical parameters were obtained from 50 acute malaria cases (nine severe and 41 uncomplicated cases) from Thailand at three time points: day 0, day 7 and day 28. Gal-9 levels were determined by ELISA. A total of 38 species of cytokines and chemokines were measured using a BioPlex assay.ResultsGal-9 levels were higher at day 0 compared to day 7 and day 28 (P < 0.0001). Gal-9 levels were also higher in severe malaria (SM) cases compared to uncomplicated (UM) cases at day 0 and day 7 (923 vs 617 pg/mL; P = 0.03, and 659 vs 348 pg/mL; P = 0.02 respectively). Median Gal-9 levels were higher in patients with blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio (BUN/creatinine) ≥20 (mg/dL) than in patients with BUN/creatinine <20 (mg/dL) at day 0 (817.3 vs 576.2 pg/mL, P = 0.007). Gal-9 was inversely significantly correlated with chloride levels in both SM and UM cases (rs = −0.73 and rs = −0.46, respectively). In both UM and SM cases, Gal-9 was significantly associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF, IL-6, IFN-α2, IFN-γ, IL-1Ra and IL-10. These correlations were observed at day 0 but disappeared at day 28.ConclusionsGal-9 is released during acute malaria, and reflects its severity. This elevation of Gal-9 in acute malaria infection raises the possibility of its role in termination of the immune response by binding to Tim-3, a receptor of Gal-9.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2016