Modest additive effects of integrated vector control measures on malaria prevalence and transmission in western Kenya

Malaria Journal

Research

Yaw A Afrane¹  Andrew K Githeko¹  Christine L Wanjala¹  Harrysone E Atieli¹  Leila B Beilhe²  Amruta Dixit³  Guiyun Yan³  Ming-Chieh Lee³  Guofa Zhou³ 

[1] Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya;Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya;CIRAD Bios – UR Bioagresseurs, Analyse et Gestion du Risque (106), Montpellier, Cameroon;Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA;

关键词: Insecticide-treated bed-nets;    Indoor residual spraying;    Larvicide;    Integration;    Parasite prevalence;    Malaria incidence rate;    Vector density;    Evaluation;    Effectiveness;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-12-256

 received in 2013-03-14, accepted in 2013-06-24,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe effect of integrating vector larval intervention on malaria transmission is unknown when insecticide-treated bed-net (ITN) coverage is very high, and the optimal indicator for intervention evaluation needs to be determined when transmission is low.MethodsA post hoc assignment of intervention-control cluster design was used to assess the added effect of both indoor residual spraying (IRS) and Bacillus-based larvicides (Bti) in addition to ITN in the western Kenyan highlands in 2010 and 2011. Cross-sectional, mass parasite screenings, adult vector populations, and cohort of active case surveillance (ACS) were conducted before and after the intervention in three study sites with two- to three-paired intervention-control clusters at each site each year. The effect of larviciding, IRS, ITNs and other determinants of malaria risk was assessed by means of mixed estimating methods.ResultsAverage ITN coverage increased from 41% in 2010 to 92% in 2011 in the study sites. IRS intervention had significant added impact on reducing vector density in 2010 but the impact was modest in 2011. The effect of IRS on reducing parasite prevalence was significant in 2011 but was seasonal specific in 2010. ITN was significantly associated with parasite densities in 2010 but IRS application was significantly correlated with reduced gametocyte density in 2011. IRS application reduced about half of the clinical malaria cases in 2010 and about one-third in 2011 compare to non-intervention areas.ConclusionCompared with a similar study conducted in 2005, the efficacy of the current integrated vector control with ITN, IRS, and Bti reduced three- to five-fold despite high ITN coverage, reflecting a modest added impact on malaria transmission. Additional strategies need to be developed to further reduce malaria transmission.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Zhou et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.