Determination of the residual efficacy of carbamate and organophosphate insecticides used for indoor residual spraying for malaria control in Ethiopia

Malaria Journal

Research

Meshesha Balkew¹  Sultan Suleman²  Kristen George³  Dereje Dengela⁴  Alemayehu Getachew⁵  Gedeon Ashenbo⁵  Yemane Ye-Ebiyo⁵  Josephat Shililu⁵  Seth R. Irish⁶  Delenasaw Yewhalaw⁷  Sheleme Chibsa⁸  Gunawardena Dissanayake⁸ 

[1] Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;President’s Malaria Initiative, Bureau for Global Health, Office of Infectious Disease, United States Agency for International Development, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, 20523, Washington, DC, USA;The President’s Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, 4550 Montgomery Ave., Suite 800 North, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA;The President’s Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, Gerji Road, Sami Building, 1st Floor, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;The US President’s Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, 30329-4027, Atlanta, GA, USA;Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Entoto Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;

关键词: Indoor residual spraying;    Bendiocarb;    Propoxur;    Pirimiphos-methyl;    Residual efficacy;    Ethiopia;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-017-2122-3

 received in 2017-07-12, accepted in 2017-11-14,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundIndoor residual spraying is one of the key vector control interventions for malaria control in Ethiopia. As malaria transmission is seasonal in most parts of Ethiopia, a single round of spraying can usually provide effective protection against malaria, provided the insecticide remains effective over the entire malaria transmission season. This experiment was designed to evaluate the residual efficacy of bendiocarb, pirimiphos-methyl, and two doses of propoxur on four different wall surfaces (rough mud, smooth mud, dung, and paint). Filter papers affixed to wall surfaces prior to spraying were analyzed to determine the actual concentration applied. Cone bioassays using a susceptible Anopheles arabiensis strain were done monthly to determine the time for which insecticides were effective in killing mosquitoes.ResultsThe mean insecticide dosage of bendiocarb applied to walls was 486 mg/m2 (target 400/mg). This treatment lasted 1 month or less on rough mud, smooth mud, and dung, but 4 months on painted surfaces. Pirimiphos-methyl was applied at 1854 mg/m2 (target 1000 mg/m2), and lasted between 4 and 6 months on all wall surfaces. Propoxur with a target dose of 1000 mg/m2 was applied at 320 mg/m2, and lasted 2 months or less on all surfaces, except painted surfaces (4 months). Propoxur with a target dose of 2000 mg/m2, was applied at 638 mg/m2, and lasted 3 months on rough mud, but considerably longer (5–7 months) on the other substrates.ConclusionsIt would appear that the higher dose of propoxur and pirimiphos-methyl correspond best to the Ethiopian transmission season, although interactions between insecticide and the substrate should be taken into account as well. However, the insecticide quantification revealed that the dosages actually applied differed considerably from the target dosages, even though care was taken in the mixing of insecticide formulations and spraying of the walls. It is unclear whether this variability is due to initial concentrations of insecticides, poor application, or other factors. Further work is needed to ensure that target doses are correctly applied, both operationally and in insecticide evaluations.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2017