Changes in weight loss, body composition and cardiovascular disease risk after altering macronutrient distributions during a regular exercise program in obese women

Nutrition Journal

Research

Travis Harvey¹  Chad M Kerksick²  Brandon Marcello³  Jennifer Wismann-Bunn⁴  Richard B Kreider⁵  Christopher J Rasmussen⁵  Paul La Bounty⁶  Ashli R Thomas⁶  Mike D Roberts⁷  Lem Taylor⁸  Colin D Wilborn⁸  Melyn Galbreath⁹  Donovan Fogt^1,10  Bill I Campbell^1,11 

[1] 75th Ranger Regiment, Ranger Athlete Warrior, 6420 Dawson Loop, 31905-4625, Fort Benning, GA, USA;Applied Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Health and Exercise Science Department, University of Oklahoma, 73019-6081, Norman, OK, USA;Endocrinology and Diabetes Section, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 73104, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;Department of Athletics, Stanford University, 94305, Palo Alto, CA, USA;Department of Exercise Science, Campbell University, 27502, Buies Creek, NC, USA;Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, 77843, TX, USA;Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, 76798-7313, Waco, TX, USA;Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, 1600 E. Rollins, 65211, Columbia, MO, USA;Human Performance Lab, Exercise & Sport Science Department, University of Mary-Hardin Baylor, 76513, Belton, TX, USA;King Faisal Heart Institute, MBC 16, KFSH&RC, P.O. Box 3354, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;Laboratory for Exercise Biochemistry and Metabolism Health and Kinesiology Department, College of Education and Human Development, 78249, San Antonio, TX, USA;School of Physical Education & Exercise Science, University of South Florida, 33620, Tampa, FL, USA;

关键词: Waist Circumference;    Exercise Program;    Caloric Restriction;    High Protein Diet;    Rest Energy Expenditure;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2891-9-59

 received in 2010-04-15, accepted in 2010-11-22,  发布年份 2010

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThis study's purpose investigated the impact of different macronutrient distributions and varying caloric intakes along with regular exercise for metabolic and physiological changes related to weight loss.MethodsOne hundred forty-one sedentary, obese women (38.7 ± 8.0 yrs, 163.3 ± 6.9 cm, 93.2 ± 16.5 kg, 35.0 ± 6.2 kg•m-2, 44.8 ± 4.2% fat) were randomized to either no diet + no exercise control group (CON) a no diet + exercise control (ND), or one of four diet + exercise groups (high-energy diet [HED], very low carbohydrate, high protein diet [VLCHP], low carbohydrate, moderate protein diet [LCMP] and high carbohydrate, low protein [HCLP]) in addition to beginning a 3x•week-1 supervised resistance training program. After 0, 1, 10 and 14 weeks, all participants completed testing sessions which included anthropometric, body composition, energy expenditure, fasting blood samples, aerobic and muscular fitness assessments. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha of 0.05 with LSD post-hoc analysis when appropriate.ResultsAll dieting groups exhibited adequate compliance to their prescribed diet regimen as energy and macronutrient amounts and distributions were close to prescribed amounts. Those groups that followed a diet and exercise program reported significantly greater anthropometric (waist circumference and body mass) and body composition via DXA (fat mass and % fat) changes. Caloric restriction initially reduced energy expenditure, but successfully returned to baseline values after 10 weeks of dieting and exercising. Significant fitness improvements (aerobic capacity and maximal strength) occurred in all exercising groups. No significant changes occurred in lipid panel constituents, but serum insulin and HOMA-IR values decreased in the VLCHP group. Significant reductions in serum leptin occurred in all caloric restriction + exercise groups after 14 weeks, which were unchanged in other non-diet/non-exercise groups.ConclusionsOverall and over the entire test period, all diet groups which restricted their caloric intake and exercised experienced similar responses to each other. Regular exercise and modest caloric restriction successfully promoted anthropometric and body composition improvements along with various markers of muscular fitness. Significant increases in relative energy expenditure and reductions in circulating leptin were found in response to all exercise and diet groups. Macronutrient distribution may impact circulating levels of insulin and overall ability to improve strength levels in obese women who follow regular exercise.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Kerksick et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.