Proposed use of spatial mortality assessments as part of the pesticide evaluation scheme for vector control

Malaria Journal

Research

Martin Akogbeto¹  Joseph Chabi¹  Santiago Mas-Coma²  Beatriz Mosqueira²  Pierre Carnevale³  Jean-Marc Hougard⁴  Fabrice Chandre⁴ 

[1] Centre de Recherches Entomologique de Cotonou, 06 BP 2604, Cotonou, Benin;Departamento de Parasitologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;Immeuble Le Majoral, Avenue de la Tramontane, 34420, Portiragnes Plage, France;Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Lutte contre les Insectes Nuisibles, BP 6450134394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France;

关键词: Vector control;    WHOPES;    Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs);    Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs);    Indoor residual spraying (IRS);    Insecticide paint;    Mass effect;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-12-366

 received in 2013-06-11, accepted in 2013-09-22,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme to evaluate the efficacy of insecticides does not include the testing of a lethal effect at a distance. A tool was developed to evaluate the spatial mortality of an insecticide product against adult mosquitoes at a distance under laboratory and field conditions. Operational implications are discussed.MethodsInsecticide paint, Inesfly 5A IGR™, containing two organophosphates (OPs): chlorpyrifos and diazinon, and one insect growth regulator (IGR): pyriproxyfen, was the product tested. Laboratory tests were performed using “distance boxes” with surfaces treated with one layer of control or insecticide paint at a dose of 1 kg/6 sq m. Field tests were conducted up to 12 months in six experimental huts randomly allocated to control or one or two layers of insecticide paint at 1 kg/6 sq m. All distance tests were performed using reference-susceptible strains of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus left overnight at a distance of 1 m from control or treated surfaces.ResultsAfter an overnight exposition at distances of 1 m, field and laboratory evaluations at 0 months after treatment (T0) yielded 100% mortality rates on surfaces treated with one layer at 1 kg/6 sq m against susceptible strains of An. gambiae and Cx. quinquefasciatus. Testing for long-term efficacy in the field gave mortality rates of 96-100% after an overnight exposition at a distance of 1 m for up to 12 months in huts where a larger volume was treated (walls and ceilings) with one or two layers of insecticide paint.ConclusionA comprehensive evaluation of the full profile of insecticide products, both upon contact and spatially, may help rationalize vector control efforts more efficiently. Treating a large enough volume may extend a product’s mortality efficacy in the long-term, which contact tests would fail to assess. It is hereby proposed to explore the development of cost effective methods to assess spatial mortality and to include them as one additional measurement of insecticide efficacy against mosquitoes and other arthropod vectors in WHOPES Phase I and Phase II studies.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Mosqueira et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013