RDL mutations predict multiple insecticide resistance in Anopheles sinensis in Guangxi, China

Malaria Journal

Research

Xiangyang Feng¹  Mei Li²  Xinghui Qiu²  Zushi Huang²  Chan Yang³ 

[1] Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, 530028, Nanning, China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China;

关键词: Anopheles sinensis;    Haplotype;    Genealogical analysis;    Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region;    Gamma-aminobutyric acid gated chloride channel;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-017-2133-0

 received in 2017-10-18, accepted in 2017-11-23,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAnopheles sinensis is a major vector of malaria in China. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channel, encoded by the RDL (Resistant to dieldrin) gene, is the important target for insecticides of widely varied structures. The use of various insecticides in agriculture and vector control has inevitably led to the development of insecticide resistance, which may reduce the control effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to investigate the presence and distribution frequency of the resistance related mutation(s) in An. sinensis RDL to predict resistance to both the withdrawn cyclodienes (e.g. dieldrin) and currently used insecticides, such as fipronil.MethodsTwo hundred and forty adults of An. sinensis collected from nine locations across Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were used. Two fragments of An. sinensis RDL (AsRDL) gene, covering the putative insecticide resistance related sites, were sequenced respectively. The haplotypes of each individual were reconstructed by the PHASE2.1 software, and confirmed by clone sequencing. The phylogenetic tree was built using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Genealogical relations among different haplotypes were also analysed using Network 5.0.ResultsThe coding region of AsRDL gene was 1674 bp long, encoding a protein of 557 amino acids. AsRDL had 98.0% amino acid identity to that from Anopheles funestus, and shared common structural features of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels. Three resistance-related amino acid substitutions (A296S, V327I and T345S) were detected in all the nine populations of An. sinensis in Guangxi, with the 296S mutation being the most abundant (77–100%), followed by 345S (22–47%) and 327I (8–60%). 38 AsRDL haplotypes were identified from 240 individuals at frequencies ranging from 0.2 to 34.8%. Genealogical analysis suggested multiple origins of the 345S mutation in AsRDL.ConclusionsThe near fixation of the 296S mutation and the occurrence of the 327I and 345S mutations in addition to 296S, in all the nine tested An. sinensis populations in Guangxi, strongly indicate a risk of multiple insecticide resistance. The haplotype diversity plus genetic heterogeneities in the geographical distribution, and multiple origins of AsRDL alleles call for a location-customized strategy for monitoring and management of insecticide resistance.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s) 2017