Comparative phylogeography of endemic Azorean arthropods

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Research Article

Luís Crespo¹  Fernando Pereira²  Paulo A. V. Borges²  François Rigal²  Isabel R. Amorim²  Carla Rego²  Robert J. Whittaker³  Thanos Mourikis⁴  Katerina Balanika⁴  Kostas A. Triantis⁵  Aristeidis Parmakelis⁵  Sofia Terzopoulou⁵ 

[1] Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal;Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal;CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal;Conservation Biogeography and Macroecology Programme, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, UK;Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark;Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece;Department of Ecology and Taxonomy, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR15784, Athens, Greece;Azorean Biodiversity Group (CITA-A) and Platform for Ecological and Environmental Research (PEER), Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, São Pedro, 9700-042, Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Portugal;CE3C – Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores - Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, 9700-042, Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal;

关键词: Araneae;    Azores;    Coleoptera;    Colonization routes;    Discrete phylogeography;    Extinction;    Hemiptera;    Mitochondrial DNA;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12862-015-0523-x

 received in 2015-07-09, accepted in 2015-10-28,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundFor a remote oceanic archipelago of up to 8 Myr age, the Azores have a comparatively low level of endemism. We present an analysis of phylogeographic patterns of endemic Azorean island arthropods aimed at testing patterns of diversification in relation to the ontogeny of the archipelago, in order to distinguish between alternative models of evolutionary dynamics on islands. We collected individuals of six species (representing Araneae, Hemiptera and Coleoptera) from 16 forest fragments from 7 islands. Using three mtDNA markers, we analysed the distribution of genetic diversity within and between islands, inferred the differentiation time-frames and investigated the inter-island migration routes and colonization patterns.ResultsEach species exhibited very low levels of mtDNA divergence, both within and between islands. The two oldest islands were not strongly involved in the diffusion of genetic diversity within the archipelago. The most haplotype-rich islands varied according to species but the younger, central islands contributed the most to haplotype diversity. Colonization events both in concordance with and in contradiction to an inter-island progression rule were inferred, while a non-intuitive pattern of colonization from western to eastern islands was also inferred.ConclusionsThe geological development of the Azores has followed a less tidy progression compared to classic hotspot archipelagos, and this is reflected in our findings. The study species appear to have been differentiating within the Azores for <2 Myr, a fraction of the apparent life span of the archipelago, which may indicate that extinction events linked to active volcanism have played an important role. Assuming that after each extinction event, colonization was initiated from a nearby island hosting derived haplotypes, the apparent age of species diversification in the archipelago would be moved closer to the present after each extinction–recolonization cycle. Exploiting these ideas, we propose a general model for future testing.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Parmakelis et al. 2015