The emergence of insecticide resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae) from sentinel sites in Mutare and Mutasa Districts, Zimbabwe

Malaria Journal

Research

Hieronymo Takudzwa Masendu¹  Peter Chinwada²  Sungai Mazando²  Moses Zimba²  Shadreck Sande³  Aramu Makuwaza⁴ 

[1] Abt Associates Inc., 1 Erskine Road, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;Department of Biological Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe;Department of Biological Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe;Abt Associates Inc., 1 Erskine Road, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;National Institute of Health Research, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe;

关键词: Anopheles funestus;    Insecticide resistance;    Malaria vectors;    Indoor residual spraying;    Mortality;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12936-015-0993-8

 received in 2015-09-03, accepted in 2015-11-05,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundInsecticide resistance in major malaria vectors poses severe challenges for stakeholders responsible for controlling the disease. During the 2013/14 season, malaria vector sentinel sites in Mutare and Mutasa Districts, Zimbabwe, experienced high presence of gravid malaria vector mosquitoes resting indoors in recently pyrethroid-sprayed structures. Subsequently, an evaluation of insecticide resistance in Anopheles funestus populations, the major malaria vector, was conducted to better inform the Zimbabwe National Malaria Control Programme.MethodsIndoor-resting mosquitoes were collected in randomly selected pyrethroid-sprayed houses around Burma Valley and Zindi sentinel sites in Mutare and Mutasa Districts, respectively, using prokopac aspirator in February 2014. A. funestus mosquitoes were identified in the field using morphological keys and divided into two cohorts. One cohort was used immediately for WHO susceptibility tests and the other batch was transferred to the National Institute of Health Research insectary in Harare for oviposition. Susceptibility and intensity resistance assays were carried out on polymerase chain reaction-assayed, 3–5 days old, A. funestus s.s. F1 progeny females.ResultsEight-hundred and thirty-six A. funestus and seven Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes were collected resting inside living structures. Wild caught females showed resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (3.3 % mortality), deltamethrin (12.9 % mortality), etofenprox (9.2 % mortality), and bendiocarb (11.7 % mortality). F1 A. funestus female progeny indicated resistance to deltamethrin (14.5 % mortality), lambda-cyhalothrin (6.9 % mortality), etofenprox (8.3 % mortality), and bendiocarb (16.8 % mortality). Wild caught and female progeny were susceptible to DDT and pirimiphos-methyl (100 % mortality). Intensity resistance assay to bendiocarb was 100 % mortality, while deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, and etofenprox had increased knockdown times with mortalities ranging between 66.7 and 92.7 % after 24-h exposures.ConclusionThis study is the first report of pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in A. funestus populations from Burma Valley and Zindi areas and indicates a major threat to the gains made in malaria vector control in Zimbabwe. In view of the current extension and intensity of such resistance, there is urgent need to set up a periodic and systematic insecticide resistance-monitoring programme which will form the basis for guiding the selection of insecticides for indoor residual spraying and distribution of pyrethroid-treated mosquito nets.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Sande et al. 2015