Hypercholesterolemia downregulates autophagy in the rat heart

Lipids in Health and Disease

Research

Csaba Csonka¹  Gábor Koncsos²  Tamás Baranyai²  Zoltán V. Varga³  Zoltán Giricz⁴  Péter Ferdinandy⁴  Adriana Adameová⁵  Adrián Szobi⁵  Tomáš Rajtík⁵  Roberta A. Gottlieb⁶ 

[1] Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary;Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary;Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary;Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary;Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary;Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary;Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232, Bratislava, Slovakia;Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., 90048, Los Angeles, CA, USA;

关键词: Hypercholesterolemia;    Autophagy;    Apoptosis;    Necroptosis;    Programmed necrosis;    ATG8;    Caspase;    Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12944-017-0455-0

 received in 2016-12-16, accepted in 2017-03-14,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundWe have previously shown that efficiency of ischemic conditioning is diminished in hypercholesterolemia and that autophagy is necessary for cardioprotection. However, it is unknown whether isolated hypercholesterolemia disturbs autophagy or the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Therefore, we investigated whether isolated hypercholesterolemia modulates cardiac autophagy-related pathways or programmed cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and necroptosis in rat heart.MethodsMale Wistar rats were fed either normal chow (NORM; n = 9) or with 2% cholesterol and 0.25% cholic acid-enriched diet (CHOL; n = 9) for 12 weeks. CHOL rats exhibited a 41% increase in plasma total cholesterol level over that of NORM rats (4.09 mmol/L vs. 2.89 mmol/L) at the end of diet period. Animals were sacrificed, hearts were excised and briefly washed out. Left ventricles were snap-frozen for determination of markers of autophagy, mTOR pathway, apoptosis, and necroptosis by Western blot.ResultsIsolated hypercholesterolemia was associated with a significant reduction in expression of cardiac autophagy markers such as LC3-II, Beclin-1, Rubicon and RAB7 as compared to controls. Phosphorylation of ribosomal S6, a surrogate marker for mTOR activity, was increased in CHOL samples. Cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptosis, increased in CHOL hearts, while no difference in the expression of necroptotic marker RIP1, RIP3 and MLKL was detected between treatments.ConclusionsThis is the first comprehensive analysis of autophagy and programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and necroptosis in hearts of hypercholesterolemic rats. Our data show that isolated hypercholesterolemia suppresses basal cardiac autophagy and that the decrease in autophagy may be a result of an activated mTOR pathway. Reduced autophagy was accompanied by increased apoptosis, while cardiac necroptosis was not modulated by isolated hypercholesterolemia. Decreased basal autophagy and elevated apoptosis may be responsible for the loss of cardioprotection reported in hypercholesterolemic animals.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017