Impact assessment of malaria vector control using routine surveillance data in Zambia: implications for monitoring and evaluation

Malaria Journal

Research

David N Dürrheim¹  Marlize Coleman²  Janet Hemingway²  Michael Coleman²  Immo Kleinschmidt³  Busiku Hamainza⁴  Emmanuel Chanda⁴  Pascalina Chanda-Kapata⁵  Kumar S Baboo⁶  Freddie Masaninga⁷ 

[1] Health Protection - Hunter Medical Research Institute, New South Wales, Australia;Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, L3 5QA, Liverpool, UK;MRC Tropical Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;Ministry of Health, National Malaria Control Centre, P.O. Box 32509, Lusaka, Zambia;Ministry of Heath, Headquarters, Ndeke House, P.O. Box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia;School of Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia;World Health Organization, WHO Country Office, Lusaka, Zambia;

关键词: Malaria;    Malaria Control;    Malaria Case;    Severe Malaria;    Indoor Residual Spraying;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1475-2875-11-437

 received in 2012-07-04, accepted in 2012-12-27,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMalaria vector control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS), with pyrethroids and DDT, to reduce malaria transmission has been expansively implemented in Zambia. The impact of these interventions on malaria morbidity and mortality has not previously been formally assessed at the population level in Zambia.MethodsThe impact of IRS (15 urban districts) and LLINs (15 rural districts) implementation on severe malaria cases, deaths and case fatality rates in children below the age of five years were compared. Zambian national Health Management Information System data from 2007 to 2008 were retrospectively analysed to assess the epidemiological impact of the two interventions using odds ratios to compare the pre-scaling up year 2007 with the scaling-up year 2008.ResultsOverall there were marked reductions in morbidity and mortality, with cases, deaths and case fatality rates (CFR) of severe malaria decreasing by 31%, 63% and 62%, respectively between 2007 and 2008. In urban districts with IRS introduction there was a significant reduction in mortality (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.31-0.43, P = 0.015), while the reduction in mortality in rural districts with LLINs implementation was not significant (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.67-1.04, P = 0.666). A similar pattern was observed for case fatality rates with a significant reduction in urban districts implementing IRS (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.33-0.36, P = 0.005), but not in rural districts implementing LLINs (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.91-1.00, P = 0.913). No substantial difference was detected in overall reduction of malaria cases between districts implementing IRS and LLINs (P = 0.933).ConclusionRoutine surveillance data proved valuable for determining the temporal effects of malaria control with two strategies, IRS and LLINs on severe malaria disease in different types of Zambian districts. However, this analysis did not take into account the effect of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), which were being scaled up countrywide in both rural and urban districts.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Chanda et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012