Menarche delay and menstrual irregularities persist in adolescents with type 1 diabetes

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Review

Rossana Roman¹  Janet K Snell-Bergeon¹  Georgeanna J Klingensmith¹  Bahareh M Schweiger¹  Kim McFann¹ 

[1] Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, The Children's Hospital Aurora, Colorado, USA;

关键词: Adolescent Female;    Severe Hypoglycemia;    Premature Ovarian Failure;    Menstrual Irregularity;    Typical Physical Activity;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1477-7827-9-61

 received in 2011-01-31, accepted in 2011-05-06,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundMenarche delay has been reported in adolescent females with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), perhaps due to poor glycemic control. We sought to compare age at menarche between adolescent females with T1DM and national data, and to identify factors associated with delayed menarche and menstrual irregularity in T1DM.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study and females ages 12- 24 years (n = 228) with at least one menstrual period were recruited during their outpatient diabetes clinic appointment. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2006 data (n = 3690) for females 12-24 years were used as a control group.ResultsAge at menarche was later in adolescent females with T1DM diagnosed prior to menarche (12.81 +/- 0.09 years) (mean+/- SE) (n = 185) than for adolescent females diagnosed after menarche (12.17 0.19 years, p = 0.0015) (n = 43). Average age of menarche in NHANES was 12.27 +/- 0.038 years, which was significantly earlier than adolescent females with T1DM prior to menarche (p < 0.0001) and similar to adolescent females diagnosed after menarche (p = 0.77). Older age at menarche was negatively correlated with BMI z-score (r = -0.23 p = 0.0029) but not hemoglobin A1c (A1c) at menarche (r = 0.01, p = 0.91). Among 181 adolescent females who were at least 2 years post menarche, 63 (35%) reported usually or always irregular cycles.ConclusionAdolescent females with T1DM had a later onset of menarche than both adolescent females who developed T1DM after menarche and NHANES data. Menarche age was negatively associated with BMI z-score, but not A1c. Despite improved treatment in recent decades, menarche delay and high prevalence of menstrual irregularity is still observed among adolescent females with T1DM.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Schweiger et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011