What do Indian children drink when they do not receive water? Statistical analysis of water and alternative beverage consumption from the 2005–2006 Indian National Family Health Survey

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Oona Campbell¹  Pat Doyle¹  Shah Ebrahim²  Jasmine Fledderjohann³  David Stuckler⁴  Sanjay Basu⁵ 

[1] Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK;South Asia Chronic Disease Network, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India;Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;South Asia Chronic Disease Network, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi, India;Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA;

关键词: Water Consumption;    Indian Child;    Beverage Consumption;    Fresh Milk;    Tanker Truck;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-1946-4

 received in 2014-03-24, accepted in 2015-06-17,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundOver 1.2 billion people lack access to clean water. However, little is known about what children drink when there is no clean water. We investigated the prevalence of receiving no water and what Indian children drink instead.MethodsWe analysed children’s beverage consumption using representative data from India’s National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-3, 2005–2006). Consumption was based on mothers’ reports (n = 22,668) for children aged 6–59 months (n = 30,656).ResultsAbout 10 % of Indian children had no water in the last 24 h, corresponding to 12,700,000 children nationally, (95 % CI: 12,260,000 to 13,200,000). Among children who received no water, 23 % received breast or fresh milk and 24 % consumed formula, “other liquid”, juice, or two or more beverages. Children over 2 were more likely to consume non-milk beverages, including tea, coffee, and juice than those under 2 years. Those in the lowest two wealth quintiles were 16 % less likely to have received water (OR = 0.84; 95 % CI: 0.74 to 0.96). Compared to those living in households with bottled, piped, or tanker water, children were significantly less likely to receive water in households using well water (OR = 0.75; 95 % CI: 0.64 to 0.89) or river, spring, or rain water (OR = 0.70; 95 % CI: 0.53 to 0.92) in the last 24 h.ConclusionsAbout 13 million Indian children aged 6–59 months received no water in the last 24 h. Further research is needed to assess the risks potentially arising from insufficient water, caffeinated beverages, and high sugar drinks at early stages of life.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Fledderjohann et al. 2015