Skeletal light-scattering accelerates bleaching response in reef-building corals

BMC Ecology

Research

Valentina P. Stoyneva¹  Vadim Backman¹  Andrew Gomes¹  Jeremy D. Rogers¹  Justin Derbas¹  Andrew J. Radosevich¹  Hannah W. Grooms²  Elizabeth M. Velazquez²  Joshua Traub²  Brian J. Kennedy²  Jillian Henss³  Michelle E. Wagner³  Timothy D. Swain³  Emily DuBois³  Luisa A. Marcelino³  Mark W. Westneat⁴  Brendan C. Biggs⁵  George Parsons⁶  Shoshana Levine⁶  Kevin Sanborn⁶  Mark Schick⁶  Arabela A. Grigorescu⁷ 

[1] Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA;Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA;Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, 60605, Chicago, IL, USA;Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, 60605, Chicago, IL, USA;Division of Water Resource Management, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2600 Blair Stone Road, 32399, Tallahassee, USA;Fishes Department, John G. Shedd Aquarium, 1200 South Lake Shore Drive, 60605, Chicago, IL, USA;Keck Biophysics Facility, Northwestern University, 633 Clark Street, 60208, Evanston, IL, USA;

关键词: Global climate change;    Optical scattering;    Coral bleaching;    Photosynthesis;    Symbiosis;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12898-016-0061-4

 received in 2015-08-19, accepted in 2016-02-12,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAt the forefront of ecosystems adversely affected by climate change, coral reefs are sensitive to anomalously high temperatures which disassociate (bleaching) photosynthetic symbionts (Symbiodinium) from coral hosts and cause increasingly frequent and severe mass mortality events. Susceptibility to bleaching and mortality is variable among corals, and is determined by unknown proportions of environmental history and the synergy of Symbiodinium- and coral-specific properties. Symbiodinium live within host tissues overlaying the coral skeleton, which increases light availability through multiple light-scattering, forming one of the most efficient biological collectors of solar radiation. Light-transport in the upper ~200 μm layer of corals skeletons (measured as ‘microscopic’ reduced-scattering coefficient, μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document}), has been identified as a determinant of excess light increase during bleaching and is therefore a potential determinant of the differential rate and severity of bleaching response among coral species.ResultsHere we experimentally demonstrate (in ten coral species) that, under thermal stress alone or combined thermal and light stress, low-μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} corals bleach at higher rate and severity than high-μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} corals and the Symbiodinium associated with low-μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} corals experience twice the decrease in photochemical efficiency. We further modelled the light absorbed by Symbiodinium due to skeletal-scattering and show that the estimated skeleton-dependent light absorbed by Symbiodinium (per unit of photosynthetic pigment) and the temporal rate of increase in absorbed light during bleaching are several fold higher in low-μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} corals.ConclusionsWhile symbionts associated with low-μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} corals receive less total light from the skeleton, they experience a higher rate of light increase once bleaching is initiated and absorbing bodies are lost; further precipitating the bleaching response. Because microscopic skeletal light-scattering is a robust predictor of light-dependent bleaching among the corals assessed here, this work establishes μS,m′\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\mu ^{\prime}_{{S,m}} $$\end{document} as one of the key determinants of differential bleaching response.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Swain et al. 2016

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