Development of a community’s self-efficacy scale for preventing social isolation among community-dwelling older people (Mimamori Scale)

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Etsuko Tadaka¹  Eriko Ito¹  Yukiko Kanaya²  Ayumi Kono²  Yuka Dai³  Yuki Imamatsu⁴  Waka Itoi⁵ 

[1] Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, 236-0004, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan;Department of Home Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Osaka City University, 1-5-17 Asahi, Abeno-ku, 545-0051, Osaka, Japan;Kamakura Women’s University, 6-1-3 Ōfuna, 247-0056, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan;Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-machi, Hachioji, 192-8577, Tokyo, Japan;Teikyo University of Science, 2-2-1 Senjusakuragi, Adachi-ku, 120-0045, Tokyo, Japan;

关键词: Elderly;    Social isolation;    Community networking;    Neighborhood;    Scale development;    Self-efficacy;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-016-3857-4

 received in 2016-06-11, accepted in 2016-11-18,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAmong older people in developed countries, social isolation leading to solitary death has become a public health issue of vital importance. Such isolation could be prevented by monitoring at-risk individuals at the neighborhood level and by implementing supportive networks at the community level. However, a means of measuring community confidence in these measures has not been established. This study is aimed at developing the Community’s Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES; Mimamori scale in Japanese) for community members preventing social isolation among older people.MethodsThe CSES is a self-administered questionnaire developed on the basis of Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The survey was given to a general population (GEN) sample (n = 6,000) and community volunteer (CVOL) sample (n = 1,297). Construct validity was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. The Generative Concern Scale (GCS-R) and Brief Sense of Community Scale (BSCS) were also administered to assess criterion-related validity of the CSES.ResultsIn total, 3,484 and 859 valid responses were received in the GEN and CVOL groups, respectively. The confirmatory factor analysis identified eight items from two domains—community network and neighborhood watch—with goodness of fit index = 0.984, adjusted goodness of fit index = 0.970, comparative fit index = 0.988, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.047. Cronbach’s alpha for the entire CSES was 0.87 and for the subscales was 0.80 and higher. The score of the entire CSES was positively correlated with the GCS-R in both the GEN (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and CVOL (r = 0.86, p < 0.001) samples.ConclusionsThe CSES demonstrated adequate reliability and validity for assessing a community’s self-efficacy to aid in its preventing social isolation among older people. The scale is potentially useful for promoting health policies, practices, and interventions within communities. This may help prevent social isolation among older people and contribute to overall well-being in aging societies in Japan and abroad.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016