Did HealthKick, a randomised controlled trial primary school nutrition intervention improve dietary quality of children in low-income settings in South Africa?

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Nomonde Gwebushe¹  Carl Lombard¹  Zulfa Abrahams²  Nelia P. Steyn³  Lucinda Dalais⁴  Catherine E. Draper⁵  Estelle V. Lambert⁶  Anniza de Villiers⁷  Marina de Waal⁷  Jillian Hill⁷ 

[1] Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zyl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa;BroadReach Healthcare, Park Lane Office Park, cnr Alexandra Road & Park Lane Pinelands, 7405, Cape Town, South Africa;Division Human Nutrition, University of Cape Town, P/Bag X3, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa;Division Nutrition, University of Cape Town, 8001, Cape Town, South Africa;Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 8001, Cape Town, South Africa;Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Boundary Road, Newlands, 8001, Cape Town, South Africa;Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505, Cape Town, South Africa;

关键词: Schools;    Nutrition;    Intervention;    HealthKick;    South Africa;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-2282-4

 received in 2015-02-25, accepted in 2015-09-15,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundNumerous studies in schools in the Western Cape Province, South Africa have shown that children have an unhealthy diet with poor diversity and which is high in sugar and fat. HealthKick (HK) was a three-year randomised controlled trial aimed at promoting healthy eating habits.MethodsSixteen schools were selected from two low-income school districts and randomly allocated to intervention (n = 8) or control school (n = 8) status. The HK intervention comprised numerous activities to improve the school nutrition environment such as making healthier food choices available and providing nutrition education support. Dietary intake was measured by using a 24-h recall in 2009 in 500 grade 4 learners at intervention schools and 498 at control schools, and repeated in 2010 and 2011. A dietary diversity score (DDS) was calculated from nine food groups and frequency of snack food consumption was determined. A school level analysis was performed.ResultsThe mean baseline (2009) DDS was low in both arms 4.55 (SD = 1.29) and 4.54 (1.22) in the intervention and control arms respectively, and 49 % of learners in HK intervention schools had a DDS ≤4 (=low diversity). A small increase in DDS was observed in both arms by 2011: mean score 4.91 (1.17) and 4.83 (1.29) in the intervention and control arms respectively. The estimated DSS intervention effect over the two years was not significant [0 .04 (95 % CI: −0.37 to 0.46)]. Food groups least consumed were eggs, fruit and vegetables. The most commonly eaten snacking items in 2009 were table sugar in beverages and/or cereals (80.5 %); followed by potato crisps (53.1 %); non-carbonated beverages (42.9 %); sweets (26.7 %) and sugar-sweetened carbonated beverages (16 %). Unhealthy snack consumption in terms of frequency of snack items consumed did not improve significantly in intervention or control schools.DiscussionThe results of the HK intervention were disappointing in terms of improvement in DDS and a decrease in unhealthy snacking. We attribute this to the finding that the intervention model used by the researchers may not have been the ideal one to use in a setting where many children came from low-income homes and educators have to deal with daily problems associated with poverty.ConclusionsThe HK intervention did not significantly improve quality of diet of children.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Steyn et al. 2015