Sputum and nasal lavage lung-specific biomarkers before and after smoking cessation

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Research Article

Irene Mavroudi¹  Emmanuel P Prokopakis²  Nikolaos M Siafakas³  Ioanna Mitrouska³  Izolde Bouloukaki³  Maria Tsoumakidou⁴  Nikolaos Tzanakis⁵  Ioanna G Tsiligianni⁵ 

[1] Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;Department of Thoracic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;Department of Thoracic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece;Department of Thoracic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece;

关键词: Smoking Cessation;    Bupropion;    Nicotine Replacement Therapy;    Exhale Breath Condensate;    Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2466-11-35

 received in 2010-12-03, accepted in 2011-06-02,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of smoking cessation on airway inflammation. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI), Clara Cell protein 16 (CC16), elafin and human defensin beta-2 (HBD-2) protect human airways against inflammation and oxidative stress. In this longitudinal study we aimed to investigate changes in sputum and nasal lavage SLPI, CC16, elafin and HBD-2 levels in healthy smokers after 6 and 12 months of smoking cessation.MethodsInduced sputum and nasal lavage was obtained from healthy current smokers (n = 76) before smoking cessation, after 6 months of smoking cessation (n = 29), after 1 year of smoking cessation (n = 22) and from 10 healthy never smokers. SLPI, CC16, elafin and HBD-2 levels were measured in sputum and nasal lavage supernatants by commercially available ELISA kits.ResultsSputum SLPI and CC-16 levels were increased in healthy smokers before smoking cessation versus never-smokers (p = 0.005 and p = 0.08 respectively). SLPI and CC16 levels did not differ before and 6 months after smoking cessation (p = 0.118 and p = 0.543 respectively), neither before and 1 year after smoking cessation (p = 0.363 and p = 0.470 respectively). Nasal lavage SLPI was decreased 12 months after smoking cessation (p = 0.033). Nasal lavage elafin levels were increased in healthy smokers before smoking cessation versus never-smokers (p = 0.007), but there were no changes 6 months and 1 year after smoking cessation.ConclusionsOnly nasal lavage SLPI decrease after 1 year after smoking cessation. We may speculate that there is an ongoing inflammatory process stimulating the production of counter-regulating proteins in the airways of healthy ex-smokers.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Bouloukaki et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011