Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in Nigeria: results from the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey

BMC Ophthalmology

Research Article

Clare E. Gilbert¹  Jennifer R. Evans¹  Mohammed M. Abdull²  Fatima Kyari³  Gudlavelleti V. S. Murthy⁴  Richard Wormald⁵  Winifred Nolan⁶ 

[1] International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;Department of Ophthalmology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria;International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;Department of Ophthalmology, College of Health Sciences (CHS), University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria;International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India;International Centre for Eye Health (ICEH), Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK;Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK;Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK;

关键词: Open-angle glaucoma;    Risk factors;    Ethnicity;    Nigeria;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12886-016-0264-7

 received in 2015-07-25, accepted in 2016-05-28,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe glaucoma-specific blindness prevalence in Nigeria (0.7 %, 95 % CI 0.6–0.9 %) among those aged ≥40 years is one of the highest ever reported. This study determined the risk factors for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults examined in the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.MethodsA nationally representative sample of 13,591 people aged ≥40 years in 305 clusters in Nigeria were examined (response rate 90.4 %) between January 2005 to June 2007. Everyone had logMAR visual acuity measurement, Frequency Doubling Technology (FDT) visual field testing, autorefraction, A-scan biometry and optic disc assessment. Full ocular examination (n = 6397), included Goldmann applanation tonometry. Values for defining glaucoma using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria were derived from the study population. Disc images were graded by Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre. Socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity, literacy and place of residence), ocular parameters (intraocular pressure [IOP], axial length and mean ocular perfusion pressure [MOPP]) and systemic parameters (blood pressure, blood glucose and body mass index [BMI]) were assessed for association with OAG.ResultsThirteen thousand eighty-one (96 %) of 13,591 participants had vertical cup:disc ratio measured in at least one eye. 682 eyes of 462 participants were classified as OAG, with 12,738 controls. In univariate analyses the following were associated with OAG: increasing age, male gender, Igbo and Yoruba ethnic groups, illiteracy, longer axial length, higher IOP, lower MOPP, greater severity of hypertension and low BMI (underweight). In multivariate analysis, increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04, 95 % CI 1.03–1.05), higher IOP (OR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.18–1.25) and Igbo ethnicity (OR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.18–2.56) were independent risk factors for OAG.ConclusionCase detection strategies for OAG should be improved for those aged ≥40 years and for ethnic groups most at risk as a public health intervention.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Kyari et al. 2016