The association between parity, infant gender, higher level of paternal education and preterm birth in Pakistan: a cohort study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Research Article

Marianne S Rose¹  Ambreen Kazi²  Suzanne Tough³  Kiran Shaikh⁴  Shaneela Khowaja⁴  Shahirose S Premji⁵ 

[1] Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada;Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Pediatrics and Community Health, University of Calgary, Canada;School of Nursing, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;University of Calgary, Faculty of Nursing, 2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;

关键词: Cortisol;    Pregnant Woman;    Cortisol Level;    Preterm Birth;    Maternal Depression;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2393-11-88

 received in 2011-07-05, accepted in 2011-11-02,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundHigh rates of antenatal depression and preterm birth have been reported in Pakistan. Self reported maternal stress and depression have been associated with preterm birth; however findings are inconsistent. Cortisol is a biological marker of stress and depression, and its measurement may assist in understanding the influence of self reported maternal stress and depression on preterm birth.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study pregnant women between 28 to 30 weeks of gestation from the Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children completed the A-Z Stress Scale and the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale to assess stress and depression respectively, and had a blood cortisol level drawn. Women were followed up after delivery to determine birth outcomes. Correlation coefficients and Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to assess relationship between preterm birth, stress, depression and cortisol. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the key factors predictive of preterm birth.Results132 pregnant women participated of whom 125 pregnant women had both questionnaire and cortisol level data and an additional seven had questionnaire data only. Almost 20% of pregnant women (19·7%, 95% CI 13·3-27·5) experienced a high level of stress and nearly twice as many (40·9%, 95% CI 32·4-49·8%) experienced depressive symptoms. The median of cortisol level was 27·40 ug/dl (IQR 22·5-34·2). The preterm birth rate was 11·4% (95% CI 6·5-18). There was no relationship between cortisol values and stress scale or depression. There was a significant positive relationship between maternal depression and stress. Preterm birth was associated with higher parity, past delivery of a male infant, and higher levels of paternal education. Insufficient numbers of preterm births were available to warrant the development of a multivariable logistic regression model.ConclusionsPreterm birth was associated with higher parity, past delivery of a male infant, and higher levels of paternal education. There was no relationship between stress, and depression, cortisol and preterm birth. There were high rates of stress and depression among this sample suggesting that there are missed opportunities to address mental health needs in the prenatal period. Improved methods of measurement are required to better understand the psychobiological basis of preterm birth.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Shaikh et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.