The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: a systematic review of studies published in or after 2000

BMC Pediatrics

Research Article

Alexander Woll¹  Annette Rauner²  Filip Mess² 

[1] Department of Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany;Division of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany;

关键词: Physical activity;    Cardiorespiratory fitness;    Motor fitness;    Overweight;    Obesity;    Adolescent;    Youth;    Cross-sectional studies;    Longitudinal studies;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-13-19

 received in 2012-10-16, accepted in 2013-01-21,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundNot only in adults but also in children and adolescents, obesity increases the risk for several health disorders. In turn, many factors including genetic variations and environmental influences (e.g. physical activity) increase the risk of obesity. For instance, 25 to 40 percent of people inherit a predisposition for a high body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize current cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on physical activity, fitness and overweight in adolescents and to identify mediator and moderator effects by evaluating the interaction between these three parameters.MethodsThe electronic academic databases PubMed, SportDiscus, WEB OF KNOWLEDGE and Ovid were searched for studies on physical activity, fitness and overweight in adolescents aged 11 to 19 years (cross-sectional studies) and in adolescents up to 23 years old (longitudinal studies) published in English in or after 2000.ResultsTwelve cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies were included. Only four studies analyzed the interaction among physical activity, fitness and overweight in adolescents and reported inconsistent results. All other studies analyzed the relationship between either physical activity and overweight, or between fitness and overweight. Overweight—here including obesity—was inversely related to physical activity. Similarly, all studies reported inverse relations between physical fitness and overweight. Mediator and moderator effects were detected in the interrelationship of BMI, fitness and physical activity. Overall, a distinction of excessive body weight as cause or effect of low levels of physical activity and fitness is lacking.ConclusionsThe small number of studies on the interrelationship of BMI, fitness and physical activity emphasizes the need for longitudinal studies that would reveal 1) the causality between physical activity and overweight / fitness and overweight and 2) the causal interrelationships among overweight, physical activity and fitness. These results must be carefully interpreted given the lack of distinction between self-reported and objective physical activity and that studies analyzing the metabolic syndrome or cardiovascular disease were not considered. The importance of physical activity or fitness in predicting overweight remains unknown.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Rauner et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013