Associations between the neighbourhood food environment, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, and diet quality: An observational study

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Gavin R. McCormack¹  Lindsay McLaren¹  Maria McInerney¹  Melissa Potestio²  Ilona Csizmadi³  Christine M. Friedenreich⁴  Alberto Nettel-Aguirre⁵  Francisco Alaniz Uribe⁶  Beverly Sandalack⁶ 

[1] Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, T2N 4Z6, North West Calgary, Alberta, Canada;Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, T2N 4Z6, North West Calgary, Alberta, Canada;Alberta Cancer Prevention Legacy Fund, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada;Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, T2N 4Z6, North West Calgary, Alberta, Canada;Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada;Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, T2N 4Z6, North West Calgary, Alberta, Canada;Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Canada;Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada;Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive, T2N 4Z6, North West Calgary, Alberta, Canada;Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada;Research Institute for Child and Maternal Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada;The Urban Lab, Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, PF 3201-2500 University Drive NW, T2N 1 N4, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;

关键词: Diet quality;    Neighbourhood;    Built environment;    Food environment;    Socioeconomic status;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-016-3631-7

 received in 2015-11-15, accepted in 2016-09-02,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe neighbourhood environment may play an important role in diet quality. Most previous research has examined the associations between neighbourhood food environment and diet quality, and neighbourhood socioeconomic status and diet quality separately. This study investigated the independent and joint effects of neighbourhood food environment and neighbourhood socioeconomic status in relation to diet quality in Canadian adults.MethodsWe undertook a cross-sectional study with n = 446 adults in Calgary, Alberta (Canada). Individual-level data on diet and socio-demographic and health-related characteristics were captured from two self-report internet-based questionnaires, the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (C-DHQ II) and the Past Year Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ). Neighbourhood environment data were derived from dissemination area level Canadian Census data, and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) databases. Neighbourhood was defined as a 400 m network-based ‘walkshed’ around each participant’s household. Using GIS we objectively-assessed the density, diversity, and presence of specific food destination types within the participant’s walkshed. A seven variable socioeconomic deprivation index was derived from Canadian Census variables and estimated for each walkshed. The Canadian adapted Healthy Eating Index (C-HEI), used to assess diet quality was estimated from food intakes reported on C-DHQ II. Multivariable linear regression was used to test for associations between walkshed food environment variables, walkshed socioeconomic status, and diet quality (C-HEI), adjusting for individual level socio-demographic and health-related covariates. Interaction effects between walkshed socioeconomic status and walkshed food environment variables on diet quality (C-HEI) were also tested.ResultsAfter adjustment for covariates, food destination density was positively associated with the C-HEI (β 0.06, 95 % CI 0.01-0.12, p = 0.04) though the magnitude of the association was small. Walkshed socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with the C-HEI. We found no statistically significant interactions between walkshed food environment variables and socioeconomic status in relation to the C-HEI. Self-reported physical and mental health, time spent in neighbourhood, and dog ownership were also significantly (p < .05) associated with diet quality.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that larger density of local food destinations may is associated with better diet quality in adults.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2016