A cross-sectional study of the prevalence and correlates of tobacco Use in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi: data from the CARRS study

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Muhammad M. Kadir¹  Zafar Fatmi¹  Hassan M. Khan¹  Carla J Berg²  Nikhil Tandon³  KM Venkat Narayan⁴  Mohammed K. Ali⁴  Deepa Mohan⁵  Viswanathan Mohan⁵  Rajendra Pradeepa⁵  Dimple Kondal⁶  Roopa Shivashankar⁶  Vamadevan S. Ajay⁶  Dorairaj Prabhakaran⁶ 

[1] Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 3500, Stadium Road, 74800, Karachi, Pakistan;Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Ansari, New, 110029, Nagar, Delhi, India;Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA;Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, No 4, Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, 600 086, Chennai, India;Public Health Foundation of India, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India;Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Plot No 47, Sector 44, 122002, Gurgaon, Haryana, India;

关键词: Tobacco use;    Southeast Asia;    Secondhand smoke exposure;    Population studies;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-1817-z

 received in 2014-09-07, accepted in 2015-05-04,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundTobacco burdens in India and Pakistan require continued efforts to quantify tobacco use and its impacts. We examined the prevalence and sociodemographic and health-related correlates of tobacco use in Delhi, Chennai (India), and Karachi (Pakistan).MethodsAnalysis of representative surveys of 11,260 participants (selected through multistage cluster random sampling; stratified by gender and age) in 2011 measured socio-demographics, tobacco use history, comorbid health conditions, and salivary cotinine. We used bivariate and multivariate regression analyses to examine factors associated with tobacco use.ResultsOverall, 51.8 % were females, and 61.6 % were below the age of 45 years. Lifetime (ever) tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 45.0 %, 41.3 %, and 42.5 % among males, and 7.6 %, 8.5 %, and 19.7 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. Past 6 month tobacco use prevalence (standardized for world population) was 38.6 %, 36.1 %, and 39.1 % among males, and 7.3 %, 7.1 %, and 18.6 % among females in Chennai, Delhi, and Karachi, respectively. In multivariable regression analyses, residing in Delhi or Karachi versus Chennai; older age; lower education; earning less income; lower BMI; were each associated with tobacco use in both sexes. In addition, semi-skilled occupation versus not working and alcohol use were associated with tobacco use in males, and having newly diagnosed dyslipidemia was associated with lower odds of tobacco use among females. Mean salivary cotinine levels were higher among tobacco users versus nonusers (235.4; CI: 187.0-283.8 vs. 29.7; CI: 4.2, 55.2, respectively).ConclusionHigh prevalence of tobacco use in the South Asian region, particularly among men, highlights the urgency to address this serious public health problem. Our analyses suggest targeted prevention and cessation interventions focused on lower socioeconomic groups may be particularly important.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Berg et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015