Spatial, temporal and genetic dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China

BMC Infectious Diseases

Research Article

Lu Dong¹  Sen Zhou²  Yujun Cui³  Ruifu Yang³  Shanqian Huang⁴  Huaiyu Tian⁴  Xiaowen Li⁵  Bing Xu⁶ 

[1] Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 100071, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling, Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China;Department of Geography, University of Utah, 84112, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;

关键词: Avian Influenza;    H5N1 Virus;    Avian Influenza Virus;    Wild Bird;    Human Case;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12879-015-0770-x

 received in 2014-07-05, accepted in 2015-01-19,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe spatial spread of H5N1 avian influenza, significant ongoing mutations, and long-term persistence of the virus in some geographic regions has had an enormous impact on the poultry industry and presents a serious threat to human health.MethodsWe applied phylogenetic analysis, geospatial techniques, and time series models to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of H5N1 outbreaks in China and the effect of vaccination on virus evolution.ResultsResults showed obvious spatial and temporal clusters of H5N1 outbreaks on different scales, which may have been associated with poultry and wild-bird transmission modes of H5N1 viruses. Lead–lag relationships were found among poultry and wild-bird outbreaks and human cases. Human cases were preceded by poultry outbreaks, and wild-bird outbreaks were led by human cases. Each clade has gained its own unique spatiotemporal and genetic dominance. Genetic diversity of the H5N1 virus decreased significantly between 1996 and 2011; presumably under strong selective pressure of vaccination. Mean evolutionary rates of H5N1 virus increased after vaccination was adopted in China. A clear signature of positively selected sites in the clade 2.3.2 virus was discovered and this may have resulted in the emergence of clade 2.3.2.1.ConclusionsOur study revealed two different transmission modes of H5N1 viruses in China, and indicated a significant role of poultry in virus dissemination. Furthermore, selective pressure posed by vaccination was found in virus evolution in the country.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Tian et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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