Neonatal resuscitation and immediate newborn assessment and stimulation for the prevention of neonatal deaths: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Delphi estimation of mortality effect

BMC Public Health

Review

Christopher Gill¹  Anne CC Lee²  Gary L Darmstadt³  Waldemar A Carlo⁴  Susan Niermeyer⁵  William J Keenan⁶  Zulfiqar A Bhutta⁷  Simon Cousens⁸  Stephen N Wall⁹  Joy E Lawn⁹ 

[1] Department of International Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA;Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;Department of Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA;Integrated Health Solutions Development, Global Health Program, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA;Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA;Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nenoatology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA;Division of Neonatology, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA;Division of Women & Child Health, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan;London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, UK;Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children, USA;

关键词: Neonatal Mortality;    Neonatal Death;    Chest Compression;    Verbal Autopsy;    Newborn Care;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S12

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundOf 136 million babies born annually, around 10 million require assistance to breathe. Each year 814,000 neonatal deaths result from intrapartum-related events in term babies (previously “birth asphyxia”) and 1.03 million from complications of prematurity. No systematic assessment of mortality reduction from tactile stimulation or resuscitation has been published.ObjectiveTo estimate the mortality effect of immediate newborn assessment and stimulation, and basic resuscitation on neonatal deaths due to term intrapartum-related events or preterm birth, for facility and home births.MethodsWe conducted systematic reviews for studies reporting relevant mortality or morbidity outcomes. Evidence was assessed using GRADE criteria adapted to provide a systematic approach to mortality effect estimates for the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). Meta-analysis was performed if appropriate. For interventions with low quality evidence but strong recommendation for implementation, a Delphi panel was convened to estimate effect size.ResultsWe identified 24 studies of neonatal resuscitation reporting mortality outcomes (20 observational, 2 quasi-experimental, 2 cluster randomized controlled trials), but none of immediate newborn assessment and stimulation alone. A meta-analysis of three facility-based studies examined the effect of resuscitation training on intrapartum-related neonatal deaths (RR= 0.70, 95%CI 0.59-0.84); this estimate was used for the effect of facility-based basic neonatal resuscitation (additional to stimulation). The evidence for preterm mortality effect was low quality and thus expert opinion was sought. In community-based studies, resuscitation training was part of packages with multiple concurrent interventions, and/or studies did not distinguish term intrapartum-related from preterm deaths, hence no meta-analysis was conducted. Our Delphi panel of 18 experts estimated that immediate newborn assessment and stimulation would reduce both intrapartum-related and preterm deaths by 10%, facility-based resuscitation would prevent a further 10% of preterm deaths, and community-based resuscitation would prevent further 20% of intrapartum-related and 5% of preterm deaths.ConclusionNeonatal resuscitation training in facilities reduces term intrapartum-related deaths by 30%. Yet, coverage of this intervention remains low in countries where most neonatal deaths occur and is a missed opportunity to save lives. Expert opinion supports smaller effects of neonatal resuscitation on preterm mortality in facilities and of basic resuscitation and newborn assessment and stimulation at community level. Further evaluation is required for impact, cost and implementation strategies in various contexts.FundingThis work was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through a grant to the US Fund for UNICEF, and to the Saving Newborn Lives program of Save the Children, through Save the Children US.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Lee et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.