Characterisation of exposure to non-ionising electromagnetic fields in the Spanish INMA birth cohort: study protocol

BMC Public Health

Study Protocol

Ana Jiménez-Zabala¹  Juan J Aurrekoetxea²  Loreto Santa-Marina³  Jesús Ibarluzea³  Mara Gallastegi⁴  David Guerra⁵  Marta Fernández⁵  Laura Birks⁶  Martine Vrijheid⁶  Mònica Guxens⁷  Julián González⁸  Marisa Estarlich⁹  Ferrán Ballester⁹  Maties Torrent^1,10  Mariana F. Fernández^1,11  Irene Calvente^1,11  Martin Röösli^1,12  Benjamin Struchen^1,12 

[1] BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain;Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain;BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain;Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain;University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Medicine, San Sebastian, Spain;BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, 4 Av. de Navarra, 20013, San Sebastian, Spain;BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, Paseo Dr. Beguiristain, 20014, San Sebastian, Spain;University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Pharmacy, 7 Unibertsitateko Ibilbidea, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain;Communications Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Engineering, Alameda Urquijo, 48013, Bilbao, Spain;ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Pompeu Fabra University, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Pompeu Fabra University, C/Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands;Materials Physics Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Faculty of Chemistry, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;IB-Salut Menorca Health Area, Balearic Islands, Spain;Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Madrid, Spain;University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), 18071, Granada, Spain;Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002, Basel, Switzerland;University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland;

关键词: Electromagnetic fields;    Radiofrequency;    Extremely low frequency;    Magnetic fields;    Child;    Adolescent;    Birth cohort;    Exposure assessment;    Environmental exposure;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-016-2825-3

 received in 2015-12-03, accepted in 2016-02-03,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundAnalysis of the association between exposure to electromagnetic fields of non-ionising radiation (EMF-NIR) and health in children and adolescents is hindered by the limited availability of data, mainly due to the difficulties on the exposure assessment. This study protocol describes the methodologies used for characterising exposure of children to EMF-NIR in the INMA (INfancia y Medio Ambiente- Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective cohort study.Methods/DesignIndirect (proximity to emission sources, questionnaires on sources use and geospatial propagation models) and direct methods (spot and fixed longer-term measurements and personal measurements) were conducted in order to assess exposure levels of study participants aged between 7 and 18 years old. The methodology used varies depending on the frequency of the EMF-NIR and the environment (homes, schools and parks). Questionnaires assessed the use of sources contributing both to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) and Radiofrequency (RF) exposure levels. Geospatial propagation models (NISMap) are implemented and validated for environmental outdoor sources of RFs using spot measurements. Spot and fixed longer-term ELF and RF measurements were done in the environments where children spend most of the time. Moreover, personal measurements were taken in order to assess individual exposure to RF. The exposure data are used to explore their relationships with proximity and/or use of EMF-NIR sources.DiscussionCharacterisation of the EMF-NIR exposure by this combination of methods is intended to overcome problems encountered in other research. The assessment of exposure of INMA cohort children and adolescents living in different regions of Spain to the full frequency range of EMF-NIR extends the characterisation of environmental exposures in this cohort. Together with other data obtained in the project, on socioeconomic and family characteristics and development of the children and adolescents, this will enable to evaluate the complex interaction between health outcomes in children and adolescents and the various environmental factors that surround them.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Gallastegi et al. 2016