Dietary patterns of adolescents in Germany - Associations with nutrient intake and other health related lifestyle characteristics

BMC Pediatrics

Research Article

Matthias B Schulze¹  Christin Heidemann²  Gert BM Mensink²  Silke Thiele³  Jutta Roosen⁴  Almut Richter⁵ 

[1] Department Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany;Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany;Department of Food Economics and Consumption Studies, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany;Marketing and Consumer Research, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 16, 85354, Freising, Germany;Marketing and Consumer Research, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 16, 85354, Freising, Germany;Department of Epidemiology and Health Reporting, Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany;

关键词: Dietary patterns;    Adolescents;    Nutrition epidemiology;    Principal component analysis;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2431-12-35

 received in 2011-10-21, accepted in 2012-03-22,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns among a representative sample of German adolescents and their associations with energy and nutrient intake, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, and overweight status.MethodsIn the analysis, data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents were used. The survey included a comprehensive dietary history interview conducted among 1272 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Dietary patterns were determined with principal component analysis (PCA) based on 48 food groups, for boys and girls separately.ResultsThree dietary patterns among boys and two among girls were identified. Among boys, high adherence to the 'western' pattern was associated with higher age, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and lower physical activity level (PA). High adherence to the 'healthy' pattern among boys, but not among girls, was associated with higher SES, and higher PA. Among boys, high adherence to the 'traditional' pattern was associated with higher age. Among girls, high adherence to the 'traditional and western' pattern was associated with lower age, lower SES and more hours watching TV per day. The nutrient density of several vitamins and minerals, particularly of B-vitamins and calcium, increased with increasing scores of the 'healthy' pattern among both sexes. Conversely, with increasing scores of the 'western' pattern among boys, most nutrient densities decreased, particularly of fibre, beta-carotene, vitamin D, biotin and calcium. Among girls with higher scores of the 'traditional and western' pattern, nutrient densities of vitamin A, C, E, K and folate decreased. Among boys, high adherence to the 'traditional' pattern was correlated with higher densities of vitamin B12 and vitamin D and lower densities of fibre, magnesium and iron. No significant associations between dietary patterns and overweight were found.ConclusionsHigher scores for dietary patterns characterized by higher consumption of take away food, meat, confectionary and soft drinks ('western' and 'traditional and western') were found particularly among 16- to 17-years old boys and among adolescents with lower SES. These patterns were also associated with higher energy density, higher percent of energy from unsaturated fatty acids and lower percent of energy from carbohydrates as well as lower nutrient densities of several vitamins and minerals. Therefore, nutritional interventions should try to focus more on adolescents with lower SES and boys in general.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Richter et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012