Pediatric premedication: a double-blind randomized trial of dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone versus a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine

BMC Anesthesiology

Research Article

Zhi Xie¹  Hui Qiao²  Jie Jia² 

[1]Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Qingdao University, Shanghai, China

[2]Department of Anesthesiology, The Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, 200031, Shanghai, China

关键词: premedication;    dexmedetomidine;    ketamine;    pediatric patients;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12871-017-0454-8

 received in 2017-06-15, accepted in 2017-11-21,  发布年份 2017

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundPreoperative anxiety is common in pediatric patients. When dexmedetomidine is used alone for sedation as premedication, children tend to awaken when separated from their parents, and body movements occur during invasive procedures. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine may be a useful premedication to alleviate preoperative anxiety and improve cooperation during intravenous cannulation in pediatric patients, while producing minimal adverse events.MethodsA total of 135 children, aged 2–5 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists status I–II, scheduled for eye surgery were randomly allocated to receive intranasal dexmedetomidine 2.5 μg/kg (group D), oral ketamine 3 mg/kg and intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg (group DK), or oral ketamine 6 mg/kg (group K) 30 min before surgery. Sedation state was evaluated every 10 min after premedication and emotional state was assessed during separation from their parents and peripheral intravenous cannulation. Adverse events were recorded for 24 h postoperatively. The primary endpoint was the rate of successful intravenous cannulation.ResultsThe rate of successful venous cannulation was 47% with dexmedetomidine alone, 68% with ketamine alone, and 80% with combined premedication (P = 0.006). The rate of satisfactory separation from parents was not different among groups. The incidence of adverse events was higher in group K compared with the other two groups (postoperative vomiting, P = 0.0041; respiratory-related complications during the perioperative period, P = 0.0032; and postoperative psychological/psychiatric adverse events, P = 0.0152).ConclusionThe combination of intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 μg/kg and oral ketamine 3 mg/kg produces satisfactory separation from parents and more successful venous cannulation, allowing children to smoothly accept induction of general anesthesia.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Register (Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-14004475, Date of registration: 2 April 2014).

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© The Author(s). 2017