Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Masindi District, Uganda: outbreak description and lessons learned

BMC Infectious Diseases

Correspondence

Geoffrey Bisoborwa¹  Imaam Mutyaba¹  John Turyagaruka²  Henry Luwaga³  Maria D Van Kerkhove⁴  Paul Roddy⁵  Patricia Pirard⁶  Julius Lutwama⁷  Patrick Van Der Stuyft⁸  Matthias Borchert⁹  Nestor Ndayimirije^1,10 

[1] District Directorate of Health Services, Masindi, Uganda;District Directorate of Health Services, Masindi, Uganda;Masindi District Health Office, Box 67, Masindi, Uganda;District Directorate of Health Services, Masindi, Uganda;National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Programme, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 16069, 2 Lourdel Road, Wandegeya, Kampala, Uganda;Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, Bloomsbury, London, UK;MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College, London, UK;Médecin Sans Frontières, Barcelona, Spain;Médecin Sans Frontières, Brussels, Belgium;Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;Unit of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;Unit of Epidemiology and Disease Control, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium;Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, Bloomsbury, London, UK;Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, D-14050, Berlin, Germany;World Health Organisation African Region, Kampala, Uganda;World Health Organization Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia;

关键词: Suspect Case;    Personal Protective Equipment;    Probable Case;    Response Team;    Nosocomial Transmission;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2334-11-357

 received in 2010-08-06, accepted in 2011-12-28,  发布年份 2011

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundEbola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) is infamous for its high case-fatality proportion (CFP) and the ease with which it spreads among contacts of the diseased. We describe the course of the EHF outbreak in Masindi, Uganda, in the year 2000, and report on response activities.MethodsWe analysed surveillance records, hospital statistics, and our own observations during response activities. We used Fisher's exact tests for differences in proportions, t-tests for differences in means, and logistic regression for multivariable analysis.ResultsThe response to the outbreak consisted of surveillance, case management, logistics and public mobilisation. Twenty-six EHF cases (24 laboratory confirmed, two probable) occurred between October 21st and December 22nd, 2000. CFP was 69% (18/26). Nosocomial transmission to the index case occurred in Lacor hospital in Gulu, outside the Ebola ward. After returning home to Masindi district the index case became the origin of a transmission chain within her own extended family (18 further cases), from index family members to health care workers (HCWs, 6 cases), and from HCWs to their household contacts (1 case). Five out of six occupational cases of EHF in HCWs occurred after the introduction of barrier nursing, probably due to breaches of barrier nursing principles. CFP was initially very high (76%) but decreased (20%) due to better case management after reinforcing the response team. The mobilisation of the community for the response efforts was challenging at the beginning, when fear, panic and mistrust had to be countered by the response team.ConclusionsLarge scale transmission in the community beyond the index family was prevented by early case identification and isolation as well as quarantine imposed by the community. The high number of occupational EHF after implementing barrier nursing points at the need to strengthen training and supervision of local HCWs. The difference in CFP before and after reinforcing the response team together with observations on the ward suggest a critical role for intensive supportive treatment. Collecting high quality clinical data is a priority for future outbreaks in order to identify the best possible FHF treatment regime under field conditions.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Borchert et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2011