Characterization of constitutive CTCF/cohesin loci: a possible role in establishing topological domains in mammalian genomes

BMC Genomics

Research Article

Yuanyuan Li¹  Weichun Huang¹  David M Umbach¹  Liang Niu¹  Leping Li¹  Shay Covo² 

[1] Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 27709, Durham, NC, USA;Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel;

关键词: CTCF;    Cohesin;    Constitutive binding site;    Chromatin interaction;    Topological domain;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2164-14-553

 received in 2013-03-14, accepted in 2013-07-26,  发布年份 2013

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundRecent studies suggested that human/mammalian genomes are divided into large, discrete domains that are units of chromosome organization. CTCF, a CCCTC binding factor, has a diverse role in genome regulation including transcriptional regulation, chromosome-boundary insulation, DNA replication, and chromatin packaging. It remains unclear whether a subset of CTCF binding sites plays a functional role in establishing/maintaining chromatin topological domains.ResultsWe systematically analysed the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles of the CTCF binding sites in 56 human cell lines from ENCODE. We identified ~24,000 CTCF sites (referred to as constitutive sites) that were bound in more than 90% of the cell lines. Our analysis revealed: 1) constitutive CTCF loci were located in constitutive open chromatin and often co-localized with constitutive cohesin loci; 2) most constitutive CTCF loci were distant from transcription start sites and lacked CpG islands but were enriched with the full-spectrum CTCF motifs: a recently reported 33/34-mer and two other potentially novel (22/26-mer); 3) more importantly, most constitutive CTCF loci were present in CTCF-mediated chromatin interactions detected by ChIA-PET and these pair-wise interactions occurred predominantly within, but not between, topological domains identified by Hi-C.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the constitutive CTCF sites may play a role in organizing/maintaining the recently identified topological domains that are common across most human cells.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Li et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013