Prevalence of coronary artery disease and its risk factors in Kerala, South India: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

Research Article

K. R. Thankappan¹  L. Jeyaseelan²  M. N. Krishnan³  G. Zachariah⁴  K. Venugopal⁵  S. Harikrishnan⁶  G. Sanjay⁶  P. P. Mohanan⁷ 

[1] Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum Medical College, P.O. 695011, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India;Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;Govt. Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India;Mother Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India;Pushpagiri Hospital, Tiruvalla, Kottayam, Kerala, India;Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India;Westfort High-tech Hospital, Thrissur, Kerala, India;

关键词: Coronary artery disease;    Coronary risk factors;    Prevalence;    Kerala;    India;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12872-016-0189-3

 received in 2015-09-25, accepted in 2016-01-08,  发布年份 2016

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThere are no recent data on prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Indians. The last community based study from Kerala, the most advanced Indian state in epidemiological transition, was in 1993 that reported 1.4 % definite CAD prevalence. We studied the prevalence of CAD and its risk factors among adults in Kerala.MethodsIn a community-based cross sectional study, we selected 5167 adults (mean age 51 years, men 40.1 %) using a multistage cluster sampling method. Information on socio-demographics, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, dietary habits and personal history of hypertension, diabetes, and CAD was collected using a structured interview schedule. Anthropometry, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and biochemical investigations were done using standard protocols. CAD and its risk factors were defined using standard criteria. Comparisons of age adjusted prevalence were done using two tailed proportion tests.ResultsThe overall age-adjusted prevalence of definite CAD was 3.5 %: men 4.8 %, women 2.6 % (p < 0.001). Prevalence of any CAD was 12.5 %: men 9.8 %, women 14.3 % (p < 0.001). There was no difference in definite CAD between urban and rural population. Physical inactivity was reported by 17.5 and 18 % reported family history of CAD. Other CAD risk factors detected in the study were: overweight or obese 59 %, abdominal obesity 57 %, hypertension 28 %, diabetes 15 %, high total cholesterol 52 % and low level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol 39 %. Current smoking was reported only be men (28 %).ConclusionThe prevalence of definite CAD in Kerala increased nearly three times since 1993 without any difference in urban and rural areas. Most risk factors of CAD were highly prevalent in the state. Both population and individual level approaches are warranted to address the high level of CAD risk factors to reduce the increasing prevalence of CAD in this population.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Krishnan et al. 2016