Extracellular polysaccharides produced by Ganoderma formosanum stimulate macrophage activation via multiple pattern-recognition receptors

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Research Article

Chia-Chen Pi¹  Wen-Hsiung Liu¹  Chiu-Ying Lu¹  Yu-Jing Zhuang¹  Chun-Jen Chen¹  Cheng-Li Wang¹  Ching-Liang Chu² 

[1] Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan, People's Republic of China;Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, 100, Taipei, Taiwan, People's Republic of China;

关键词: Ganoderma formosanum;    Polysaccharide;    Immunostimulatory;    Macrophage;    Pattern-recognition receptor;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1472-6882-12-119

 received in 2012-02-29, accepted in 2012-08-05,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe fungus of Ganoderma is a traditional medicine in Asia with a variety of pharmacological functions including anti-cancer activities. We have purified an extracellular heteropolysaccharide fraction, PS-F2, from the submerged mycelia culture of G. formosanum and shown that PS-F2 exhibits immunostimulatory activities. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of immunostimulation by PS-F2.ResultsPS-F2-stimulated TNF-α production in macrophages was significantly reduced in the presence of blocking antibodies for Dectin-1 and complement receptor 3 (CR3), laminarin, or piceatannol (a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor), suggesting that PS-F2 recognition by macrophages is mediated by Dectin-1 and CR3 receptors. In addition, the stimulatory effect of PS-F2 was attenuated in the bone marrow-derived macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice which lack functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). PS-F2 stimulation triggered the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases JNK, p38, and ERK, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which all played essential roles in activating TNF-α expression.ConclusionsOur results indicate that the extracellular polysaccharides produced by G. formosanum stimulate macrophages via the engagement of multiple pattern-recognition receptors including Dectin-1, CR3 and TLR4, resulting in the activation of Syk, JNK, p38, ERK, and NK-κB and the production of TNF-α.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Wang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.