Implementing a One Health approach to emerging infectious disease: reflections on the socio-political, ethical and legal dimensions

BMC Public Health

Debate

Jane Johnson¹  Ian Kerridge²  Chris Degeling²  Gwendolyn Gilbert³  Michael Ward⁴  Andrew Wilson⁵  Cameron Stewart⁶ 

[1] Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, K25 Level 1, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, K25 Level 1, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia;Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, K25 Level 1, Medical Foundation Building, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, NSW, Australia;Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Centre for Infectious Disease and Microbiology – Public Health, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;Sydney Law School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;

关键词: One health;    Emerging infectious disease;    Zoonoses;    Bioethics;    Health policy;    Health law;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s12889-015-2617-1

 received in 2015-07-30, accepted in 2015-12-16,  发布年份 2015

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Background‘One Health’ represents a call for health researchers and practitioners at the human, animal and environmental interfaces to work together to mitigate the risks of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). A One Health approach emphasizing inter-disciplinary co-operation is increasingly seen as necessary for effective EID control and prevention. There are, however, socio-political, ethical and legal challenges, which must be met by such a One Health approach.DiscussionBased on the philosophical review and critical analysis of scholarship around the theory and practice of One Health it is clear that EID events are not simply about pathogens jumping species barriers; they are comprised of complex and contingent sets of relations that involve socioeconomic and socio-political drivers and consequences with the latter extending beyond the impact of the disease. Therefore, the effectiveness of policies based on One Health depends on their implementation and alignment with or modification of public values.SummaryDespite its strong motivating rationale, implementing a One Health approach in an integrated and considered manner can be challenging, especially in the face of a perceived crisis. The effective control and prevention of EIDs therefore requires: (i) social science research to improve understanding of how EID threats and responses play out; (ii) the development of an analytic framework that catalogues case experiences with EIDs, reflects their dynamic nature and promotes inter-sectoral collaboration and knowledge synthesis; (iii) genuine public engagement processes that promote transparency, education and capture people’s preferences; (iv) a set of practical principles and values that integrate ethics into decision-making procedures, against which policies and public health responses can be assessed; (v) integration of the analytic framework and the statement of principles and values outlined above; and (vi) a focus on genuine reform rather than rhetoric.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Degeling et al. 2015