Social disparities, health risk behaviors, and cancer

BMC Surgery

Research Article

Fabio Galvano¹  Giuseppe Grosso¹  Antonio Biondi²  Santi Gangi²  Francesco Basile²  Silvio Buscemi³  Antonio Mistretta⁴  Francesca Nolfo⁴  Stefania Rametta⁴  Stefano Marventano⁴ 

[1] Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;Department of General Surgery, Section of General Surgery and Oncology, University Medical School of Catania, Italy;Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy;Department “G. F. Ingrassia” Section of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Catania, Catania, Italy;

关键词: Health Risk Behavior;    Alcohol Outlet;    Cancer Promotion;    Alcohol Drinking Habit;    eHealth Literacy;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2482-13-S2-S17

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundOverall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men and women, largely due to improvements in surgical therapeutic approaches (tertiary prevention) and screening programs (secondary prevention), but differences in cancer incidence and survival according to socioeconomic status are documented worldwide. Health risk behaviors, defined as habits or practices that increase an individual’s likelihood of harmful health outcomes, are thought to mediate such inequalities.DiscussionObesity has been related with increased cancer incidence and mortality due to imbalance of leptin and adiponectin which are connected to activation of PI3K, MAPK, and STAT3 pathways and decreasing insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and mTOR signaling via activation of 5 AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), respectively. Physical activity has been associated to prevent cancer by the aforementioned obesity-related mechanisms, but also increasing level of circulating vitamin D, which has been related to lower risk of several cancers, and increasing prostaglandin F2a and reducing prostaglandin E2, which are both related with cancer prevention and promotion, respectively. A large number of different substances may induce themselves a direct cytotoxicity and mutagenic action on cells by smoking, whereas alcohol promote immune suppression, the delay of DNA repair, inhibition of the detoxification of carcinogens, the production of acetaldehyde, and the contribution to abnormal DNA methylation. The combined smoking and alcohol drinking habits have been shown to increase cancer risk by smoke action of increasing the acetaldehyde burden following alcohol consumption and alcohol action of enhancing the activation of various procarcinogens contained in tobacco smoke.ConclusionsInterventions at the social level may be done to increase awareness about cancer risks and promote changing in unhealthy behaviors.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© Rametta et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013. This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.