The importance of childhood and adulthood aspects of gendered life for adult mental ill-health symptoms – a 27-year follow-up of the Northern Swedish Cohort

BMC Public Health

Research Article

Anna Månsdotter¹  Mikael Nordenmark¹  Anne Hammarström¹ 

[1] Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, STOCKHOLM, Sweden;Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, 831 25, ÖSTERSUND, Sweden;Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 878, UMEÅ, Sweden;

关键词: Mental Health;    Depressive Symptom;    Anxious Symptom;    Gender Equality;    Gender Ideology;   

DOI  :  10.1186/1471-2458-12-493

 received in 2012-01-06, accepted in 2012-06-26,  发布年份 2012

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundThe increasing gender equality during the 20th century, mainly in the Nordic countries, represents a major social change. A well-established theory is that this may affect the mental health patterns of women and men. This study aimed at examining associations between childhood and adulthood gendered life on mental ill-health symptoms.MethodsA follow-up study of a cohort of all school leavers in a medium-sized industrial town in northern Sweden was performed from age 16 to age 42. Of those still alive of the original cohort, 94% (n = 1007) participated during the whole period. Gendered life was divided into three stages according to whether they were traditional or non-traditional (the latter includes equal): childhood (mother’s paid work position), adulthood at age 30 (ideology and childcare), and adulthood at age 42 (partnership and childcare). Mental ill-health was measured by self-reported anxious symptoms (“frequent nervousness”) and depressive symptoms (“frequent sadness”) at age 42. The statistical method was logistic regression analysis, finally adjusted for earlier mental ill-health symptoms and social confounding factors.ResultsGenerally, parents’ gendered life was not decisive for a person’s own gendered life, and adulthood gender position ruled out the impact of childhood gender experience on self-reported mental ill-health. For women, non-traditional gender ideology at age 30 was associated with decreased risk of anxious symptoms (76% for traditional childhood, 78% for non-traditional childhood). For men, non-traditional childcare at age 42 was associated with decreased risk of depressive symptoms (84% for traditional childhood, 78% for non-traditional childhood). A contradictory indication was that non-traditional women in childcare at age 30 had a threefold increased risk of anxious symptoms at age 42, but only when having experienced a traditional childhood.ConclusionAdulthood gender equality is generally good for self-reported mental health regardless of whether one opposes or continues one’s gendered history. However, the childcare findings indicate a differentiated picture; men seem to benefit in depressive symptoms from embracing this traditionally female duty, while women suffer anxious symptoms from departing from it, if their mother did not.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Månsdotter et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012