Examination of critical factors influencing ruminant disease dynamics in the Black Sea Basin

Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Veterinary Science

Anna Zdravkova¹  Jordi Casal²  Margarida Arede²  Alberto Allepuz²  Nicolae Starciuc³  Jeyhun Aliyev⁴  Daniel Beltrán-Alcrudo⁵  Andrii Pavlenko⁵  Eran Raizman⁵  Mihai Ponea⁶  Tigran Markosyan⁷  Sarah Oste⁸  Ipek Keskin⁹  Tengiz Chaligava^1,10  Dmitry Morozov^1,11 

[1] Bulgarian Agency for Food Safety, Sofia, Bulgaria;Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova;Food Safety Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan;Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, Budapest, Hungary;National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority, Bucharest, Romania;Scientific Centre for Risk Assessment and Analysis in Food Safety Area, Ministry of Agriculture, Nubarashen, Yerevan, Armenia;University Institute of Technology Nancy-Brabois, Lorraine University, Villers-lès-Nancy, France;Veterinary Control Central Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ankara, Türkiye;Veterinary Department, National Food Agency, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia;Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Vitebsk, Belarus;

关键词: Black Sea;    surveillance and control;    ruminants;    transboundary animal diseases;    zoonoses;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fvets.2023.1174560

 received in 2023-02-26, accepted in 2023-08-30,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionRuminant production in the Black Sea basin (BSB) is critical for national economies and the subsistence of rural populations. Yet, zoonoses and transboundary animal diseases (TADs) are limiting and threatening the sector. To gain a more comprehensive understanding, this study characterizes key aspects of the ruminant sector in nine countries of the BSB, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Georgia, Moldova, Romania, Türkiye, and Ukraine.MethodsWe selected six priority ruminant diseases (anthrax, brucellosis, Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), lumpy skin disease (LSD), and peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that are present or threaten to emerge in the region. Standardized questionnaires were completed by a network of focal points and supplemented with external sources. We examined country and ruminant-specific data such as demographics, economic importance, and value chains in each country. For disease-specific data, we analysed the sanitary status, management strategies, and temporal trends of the selected diseases.Results and discussionThe shift from a centrally planned to a market economy, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, restructured the ruminant sector. This sector played a critical role in rural livelihoods within the BSB. Yet, it faced significant challenges such as the low sustainability of pastoralism, technological limitations, and unregistered farms. Additionally, ruminant health was hindered by informal animal trade as a result of economic factors, insufficient support for the development of formal trade, and socio-cultural drivers. In the Caucasus and Türkiye, where diseases were present, improvements to ruminant health were driven by access to trading opportunities. Conversely, European countries, mostly disease-free, prioritized preventing disease incursion to avoid a high economic burden. While international initiatives for disease management are underway in the BSB, there is still a need for more effective local resource allocation and international partnerships to strengthen veterinary health capacity, protect animal health and improve ruminant production.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Arede, Beltrán-Alcrudo, Aliyev, Chaligava, Keskin, Markosyan, Morozov, Oste, Pavlenko, Ponea, Starciuc, Zdravkova, Raizman, Casal and Allepuz.