Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Daniel Simancas-Racines¹  Ana Karina Zambrano²  Patricia Guevara-Ramírez²  Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo²  Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo²  Elius Paz-Cruz²  Santiago Cadena-Ullauri²  Maria L. Felix³ 

[1] Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador;Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador;

关键词: gestational diabetes mellitus;    insulin resistance;    nutrients;    metabolic pathways;    nutrigenomic;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1228703

 received in 2023-05-30, accepted in 2023-09-01,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by raised blood sugar levels and insulin resistance that usually occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, hyperglycemia affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide. Dietary changes are the primarily alternative treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus. This paper aims to perform an exhaustive overview of the interaction between diet, gene expression, and the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance. The intake of foods rich in carbohydrates can influence the gene expression of glycolysis, as well as foods rich in fat, can disrupt the beta-oxidation and ketogenesis pathways. Furthermore, vitamins and minerals are related to inflammatory processes regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB and one carbon metabolic pathways. We indicate that diet regulated gene expression of PPARα, NOS, CREB3L3, IRS, and CPT I, altering cellular physiological mechanisms and thus increasing or decreasing the risk of gestational diabetes. The alteration of gene expression can cause inflammation, inhibition of fatty acid transport, or on the contrary help in the modulation of ketogenesis, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate the effects of glucotoxicity, and others. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend the metabolic changes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to determine nutrients that help in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its long-term consequences.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Guevara-Ramírez, Paz-Cruz, Cadena-Ullauri, Ruiz-Pozo, Tamayo-Trujillo, Felix, Simancas-Racines and Zambrano.