Risk factors associated with the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in manured soils on certified organic farms in four regions of the United States

Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems

Sustainable Food Systems

Jerome N. Baron¹  Beatriz Martínez-López¹  Fawzy Hashem²  Annette Kenney²  Viktoria Haghani³  Thais De Melo Ramos³  Juliette Di Francesco³  Carolyn Chandler-Khayd³  Alda F. A. Pires³  Paulo H. Pagliari⁴  Patricia D. Millner⁵  Elizabeth A. Bihn⁶  Donna P. Clements⁶  Amber R. Sciligo⁷  Jessica B. Shade⁷  Mark Hutchinson⁸  Michele T. Jay-Russell⁹  Peiman Aminabadi⁹ 

[1] Center for Animal Disease Modelling and Surveillance CADMS, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States;Department of Agriculture, Food and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States;Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States;Department of Soil Water and Climate, Southwest Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States;Environmental Microbial & Food Safety Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, United States;Produce Safety Alliance, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, United States;The Organic Center, Washington, DC, United States;University of Maine Cooperative Extension, Waldoboro, ME, United States;Western Center for Food Safety, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States;

关键词: biological soil amendments;    foodborne pathogens;    soil;    raw manure;    organic production;    fresh produce;    Listeria monocytogenes;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fsufs.2023.1222192

 received in 2023-05-14, accepted in 2023-08-25,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionBiological soil amendments, including raw or untreated manure, are currently used to improve soil fertility, especially in organic operations that prohibit use of synthetic fertilizers. However, addition of untreated manure may pose a risk of contamination of fresh produce by pathogens of public health significance, including Listeria monocytogenes. Organic growers follow United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Organic Program regulations for raw manure use, which stipulate that harvest should commence no earlier than 90- or 120-days post-application, depending on direct contact between the edible portion of the produce and the soil. To inform the protection that such time-intervals provide, this study explored the farm-level risk factors associated with L. monocytogenes prevalence in USDA-certified organic farm soils amended with untreated manures.MethodsA longitudinal, multi-regional study was conducted on 19 farms in four states (California, Minnesota, Maine, and Maryland) over two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). Untreated manure, soil, irrigation water, and produce samples were collected and cultured for L. monocytogenes. Mixed effect logistic regression was used to investigate risk factors associated with L. monocytogenes prevalence in soil.Results and DiscussionResults showed that multiple factors influenced the odds of a soil-positive sample, including temporal [year (OR = 0.19), sampling day (OR = 0.09–0.48)] and weather-related [temperature range (OR = 0.48)] variables, manure characteristics [season of application (OR = 0.04, summer), presence of L. monocytogenes (OR = 2.89) and other pathogens in manure (OR = 5.24)], farm management factors [water source (OR = 2.73, mixed), number of year-round staff (OR = 0.02)], and soil characteristics [concentration of generic Escherichia coli (OR = 1.45), moisture (OR = 0.46), organic matter (OR = 7.30), nitrate (OR = 3.07), potassium (OR = 0.09) and calcium (OR = 2.48)]. This study highlights the complexity of L. monocytogenes prevalence in soil and contributes science-based metrics that may be used when determining risk-mitigation strategies for pathogen contamination.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Chandler-Khayd, Di Francesco, Baron, Ramos, Aminabadi, Jay-Russell, Haghani, Millner, Pagliari, Hutchinson, Kenney, Hashem, Martínez-López, Bihn, Clements, Shade, Sciligo and Pires.