Case report: Presentations and cytokine profiles of inflammatory non-pulmonary COVID-19 and related diseases in children

Frontiers in Pediatrics

Pediatrics

Horng-Woei Yang¹  Chih-Wen Tseng¹  Kuender D. Yang²  Li-Ching Fang³  Lung Chang⁴  Hsin Chi⁴  Che-Sheng Ho⁵  Yen-Chun Chao⁶ 

[1] Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Division of Infectious Disease, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;Division of Neurology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Division of Cardiology, MacKay Children’s Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan;Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan;

关键词: coronavirus disease 2019;    non-pulmonary COVID-19;    meningoencephalitis;    acute necrotizing encephalopathy;    multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children;    SARS-CoV-2;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fped.2023.1209772

 received in 2023-04-21, accepted in 2023-09-08,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evolved to dynamic waves of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Initially, children diagnosed with COVID-19 presented pulmonary involvement characterized by mild diseases. In the later waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, life-threatening non-pulmonary inflammatory diseases such as (1) aseptic meningoencephalitis (ME), (2) acute necrotizing encephalopathies (ANE), and (3) multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been reported, affecting the pediatric population. To alert timely identification and prevention of the life-threatening non-pulmonary COVID-19, we present the cases of ME, ANE, and MIS-C in terms of clinical manifestation, cytokine profile, and follow-up consequences. Based on the immunopathogenesis and risk factors associated with non-pulmonary COVID-19, we delineate strategies for an early diagnosis and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality in children.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
© 2023 Chao, Yang, Chang, Tseng, Fang, Ho, Chi and Yang.