Space and atmospheric physics on Svalbard: a case for continued incoherent scatter radar measurements under the cusp and in the polar cap boundary region

Progress in Earth and Planetary Science

Review

Juha Vierinen¹  Andres Spicher¹  Ingrid Mann¹  Erkka Heino¹  Stein Haaland²  Kjellmar Oksavik²  Noora Partamies²  Lisa Baddeley²  Dag Lorentzen²  Wojciech Miloch³ 

[1] UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway;University Centre in Svalbard, Postboks 156, 9171, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway;Department of Physics and Technology, Birkeland Centre for Space Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5020, Bergen, Norway;University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;

关键词: Ionosphere;    Atmospheric science;    Space weather;    Cusp;    Polar cap;    Plasma turbulence;    Space debris;    Incoherent scatter radar;    Atmospheric escape;   

DOI  :  10.1186/s40645-023-00585-9

 received in 2022-11-02, accepted in 2023-08-20,  发布年份 2023

来源: Springer

【 摘 要 】

Incoherent scatter radars (ISRs) represent the only instrument (both ground and space based) capable of making high temporal and spatial resolution measurements of multiple atmospheric parameters—such as densities, temperatures, particle velocities, mass flux—over an altitude range covering the entire mesosphere/lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) system on a quasi-continuous basis. The EISCAT Svalbard incoherent scatter radar (ESR), located just outside Longyearbyen (78.15∘\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$^\circ$$\end{document}N) on Svalbard, is the only currently operating facility capable of making such measurements inside the polar cusp—an area of significant energy input into the atmosphere and characterized by heating instabilities and turbulence. The ESR was built in the mid-1990s and has provided valuable data for the international experimental and modelling communities. New radar technologies are now available, in the form of phased array systems, which offer new data products and operational flexibility. This paper outlines the achievements and current research focus of the ESR and provides scientific arguments, compiled from inputs across the international scientific community, for a new phased array ISR facility on Svalbard. In addition to the fundamental scientific arguments, the paper discusses additional benefits of continued ISR observations on Svalbard, building on the key findings of the ESR. Svalbard has a large network of complementary instrumentation both focused on the MLTI system (e.g. the Kjell Henriksen auroral Observatory, the Svalbard SuperDARN radar and the Svalrak sounding rocket launch facility) with synergies to other research fields, such as meteorology and oceanography. As a further holistic system science view of the Earth becomes more important, a new ISR on Svalbard will be important also in this respect with its ability to provide datasets with a wide range of scientific applications. Increased activity in space has highlighted problematic issues such as space debris. A changing Arctic has also seen increased human activity via the opening up of new shipping routes, which are reliant on GNSS technology that is effected by severe turbulence in the MLTI system. As such, societal applications of a future ISR are also presented. The accessibility and logistical support for such a facility is also briefly discussed.

【 授权许可】

CC BY   
© Japan Geoscience Union 2023

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