Gut and airway microbiota dysbiosis and their role in COVID-19 and long-COVID

Frontiers in Immunology

Immunology

Claudia Alteri¹  Antonio Muscatello²  Laura Alagna²  Giuseppe Ancona²  Alessandra Bandera³  Andrea Pastena³  Anna Tonizzo³  Emanuele Palomba³  Andrea Gori³ 

[1] Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;Multimodal Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital (IRCCS), Rome, Italy;Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;Infectious Diseases Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy;Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Centre for Multidisciplinary Research in Health Science (MACH), University of Milan, Milan, Italy;

关键词: microbiota;    microbiome;    gut-brain-axis;    gut-lung-axis;    dysbiosis;    COVID-19;    long Covid;    SARS-CoV-2;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080043

 received in 2022-10-25, accepted in 2023-02-13,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in human health and disease. Gut dysbiosis is known to be associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory diseases and modifications in the immune response and homeostasis of the lungs (the so-called gut-lung axis). Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the possible role of dysbiosis in neurological disturbances, introducing the notion of the “gut-brain axis.” During the last 2 years, several studies have described the presence of gut dysbiosis during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its relationship with disease severity, SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal replication, and immune inflammation. Moreover, the possible persistence of gut dysbiosis after disease resolution may be linked to long-COVID syndrome and particularly to its neurological manifestations. We reviewed recent evidence on the association between dysbiosis and COVID-19, investigating the possible epidemiologic confounding factors like age, location, sex, sample size, the severity of disease, comorbidities, therapy, and vaccination status on gut and airway microbial dysbiosis in selected studies on both COVID-19 and long-COVID. Moreover, we analyzed the confounding factors strictly related to microbiota, specifically diet investigation and previous use of antibiotics/probiotics, and the methodology used to study the microbiota (α- and β-diversity parameters and relative abundance tools). Of note, only a few studies focused on longitudinal analyses, especially for long-term observation in long-COVID. Lastly, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the role of microbiota transplantation and other therapeutic approaches and their possible impact on disease progression and severity. Preliminary data seem to suggest that gut and airway dysbiosis might play a role in COVID-19 and in long-COVID neurological symptoms. Indeed, the development and interpretation of these data could have important implications for future preventive and therapeutic strategies.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Ancona, Alagna, Alteri, Palomba, Tonizzo, Pastena, Muscatello, Gori and Bandera