Biofortified Diets Containing Algae and Selenised Yeast: Effects on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Tissue Composition of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Frontiers in Physiology

Physiology

Maria L. Nunes¹  Alexandra Marques¹  L. Filipe C. Castro²  Pedro C. Ribeiro²  António Marques³  Mariana Ferreira⁴  Luisa M. P. Valente⁴  Pedro Pousão-Ferreira⁵  Laura Ribeiro⁶  Marisa Barata⁶  Cristina Soares⁷  Valentina F. Domingues⁷  Sara Sousa⁷  Jorge Dias⁸ 

[1] Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal;Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal;Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências (FCUP), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal;Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (DivAV-IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal;Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal;Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal;Divisão de Aquacultura, Valorização e Bioprospecção, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (DivAV-IPMA), Lisbon, Portugal;Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (EPPO-IPMA), Olhão, Portugal;REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto, Portugal;Sparos Lda., Olhão, Portugal;

关键词: iodine;    Laminaria digitata;    microalgae;    omega-3 fatty acids;    selenium;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fphys.2021.812884

 received in 2021-11-10, accepted in 2021-12-16,  发布年份 2022

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

Efforts have been made to find natural, highly nutritious alternatives to replace fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO), which can simultaneously promote fish health and improve the nutritional quality of filets for human consumption. This study evaluated the impact of biofortified diets containing microalgae (as replacement for FM and FO), macroalgae (as natural source of iodine) and selenised yeast (organic source of selenium) on gilthead seabream growth, nutrient utilization, tissue composition and gene expression. A control diet (CTRL) with 15% FM and 5.5% FO was compared with three experimental diets (AD1, AD2, and AD3), where a microalgae blend (Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and DHA-rich Schizochytrium sp.) replaced 33% of FM. Diet AD1 contained 20% less FO. Diets were supplemented with Laminaria digitata (0.4% AD1 and AD2; 0.8% AD3) and selenised yeast (0.02% AD1 and AD2; 0.04% AD3). After feeding the experimental diets for 12 weeks, growth was similar in fish fed AD1, AD2, and CTRL, indicating that microalgae meal can partially replace both FM and FO in diets for seabream. But AD3 suppressed fish growth, suggesting that L. digitata and selenised yeast supplementation should be kept under 0.8 and 0.04%, respectively. Despite lower lipid intake and decreased PUFAs bioavailability in fish fed AD3, compared to CTRL, hepatic elovl5 was upregulated resulting in a significant increase of muscle EPA + DHA. Indeed, filets of fish fed AD2 and AD3 provided the highest EPA + DHA contents (0.7 g 100 g–1), that are well above the minimum recommended values for human consumption. Fish consuming the AD diets had a higher retention and gain of selenium, while iodine gain remained similar among diets. Upregulation of selenoproteins (gpx1, selk, and dio2) was observed in liver of fish fed AD1, but diets had limited impact on fish antioxidant status. Overall, results indicate that the tested microalgae are good sources of protein and lipids, with their LC-PUFAs being effectively accumulated in seabream muscle. Selenised yeast is a good fortification vehicle to increase selenium levels in fish, but efforts should be placed to find new strategies to fortify fish in iodine.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2022 Ferreira, Ribeiro, Ribeiro, Barata, Domingues, Sousa, Soares, Marques, Pousão-Ferreira, Dias, Castro, Marques, Nunes and Valente.