Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of spontaneous nystagmus patterns in acute vestibular syndrome

Frontiers in Neurology

Neurology

Georgios Mantokoudis¹  Zheyu Wang²  Martina Wüthrich³  Alexander Andrea Tarnutzer⁴  Sergio Carmona⁵  Carlos Mario Martinez⁶ 

[1] Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;Division of Quantitative Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States;Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States;Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland;Fundación San Lucas para la Neurosciencia, Rosario, Argentina;Hospital Jose Maria Cullen, Santa Fe, Argentina;

关键词: bedside diagnostic accuracy;    nystagmus;    stroke;    vestibular;    vertigo;    dizziness;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fneur.2023.1208902

 received in 2023-04-19, accepted in 2023-06-05,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

ObjectivesFor the assessment of patients presenting with acute prolonged vertigo meeting diagnostic criteria for acute vestibular syndrome (AVS), bedside oculomotor examinations are essential to distinguish peripheral from central causes. Here we assessed patterns of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) observed in AVS and its diagnostic accuracy at the bedside.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies (1980–2022) reporting on the bedside diagnostic accuracy of SN-patterns in AVS patients. Two independent reviewers determined inclusion. We identified 4,186 unique citations, examined 219 full manuscripts, and analyzed 39 studies. Studies were rated on risk of bias (QUADAS-2). Diagnostic data were extracted and SN beating-direction patterns were correlated with lesion locations and lateralization.ResultsIncluded studies reported on 1,599 patients, with ischemic strokes (n = 747) and acute unilateral vestibulopathy (n = 743) being most frequent. While a horizontal or horizontal-torsional SN was significantly more often found in peripheral AVS (pAVS) than in central AVS (cAVS) patients (672/709 [94.8%] vs. 294/677 [43.4%], p < 0.001), torsional and/or vertical SN-patterns were more prevalent in cAVS than in pAVS (15.1 vs. 2.6%, p < 0.001). For an (isolated) vertical/vertical-torsional SN or an isolated torsional SN specificity (97.7% [95% CI = 95.1–100.0%]) for a central origin etiology was high, whereas sensitivity (19.1% [10.5–27.7%]) was low. Absence of any horizontal SN was more frequently observed in cAVS than in pAVS (55.2 vs. 7.0%, p < 0.001). Ipsilesional and contralesional beating directions of horizontal SN in cAVS were found at similar frequency (28.0 vs. 21.7%, p = 0.052), whereas for pAVS a contralesional SN was significantly more frequent (95.2 vs. 2.5%, p < 0.001). For PICA strokes presenting with horizontal SN, beating direction was ipsilesional more often than contralesional (23.9 vs. 6.4%, p = 0.006), while the opposite was observed for AICA strokes (2.2 vs. 63.0%, p < 0.001).Conclusions(Isolated) vertical and/or torsional SN is found in a minority (15.1%) of cAVS patients only. When present, it is highly predictive for a central cause. A combined torsional-downbeating SN-pattern may be observed in pAVS also in cases with isolated lesions of the inferior branch of the vestibular nerve. Furthermore, in cAVS patients the SN beating direction itself does not allow a prediction on the lesion side.

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Wüthrich, Wang, Martinez, Carmona, Mantokoudis and Tarnutzer.