Golden ratio and self-similarity in swimming: breast-stroke and the back-stroke

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

Human Neuroscience

Ivo Ferretti¹  Nicolò Colistra²  Cristiano M. Verrelli²  Vincenzo Manzi³  Vincenzo Bonaiuto⁴  Cristian Romagnoli⁵  Giuseppe Annino⁶ 

[1] Biomechanical and Video-Analysis Area for the National Teams of “Federazione Italiana Nuoto”, Rome, Italy;Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;Department of Humanities Science, Pegaso Open University, Naples, Italy;Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;Department of Human Science and Promotion of Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy;Sport Engineering Lab, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;Human Performance Lab, Centre of Space Biomedicine, Department of Medicine Systems, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy;

关键词: swimming;    self-similarity;    golden ratio;    Fibonacci sequence;    neuroscience;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnhum.2023.1176866

 received in 2023-03-01, accepted in 2023-06-19,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

IntroductionDynamics-on-graph concepts and generalized finite-length Fibonacci sequences have been used to characterize, from a temporal point of view, both human walking & running at a comfortable speed and front-crawl & butterfly swimming strokes at a middle/long distance pace. Such sequences, in which the golden ratio plays a crucial role to describe self-similar patterns, have been found to be subtly experimentally exhibited by healthy (but not pathological) walking subjects and elite swimmers, in terms of durations of gait/stroke-subphases with a clear physical meaning. Corresponding quantitative indices have been able to unveil the resulting hidden time-harmonic and self-similar structures.ResultsIn this study, we meaningfully extend such latest findings to the remaining two swimming strokes, namely, the breast-stroke and the back-stroke: breast-stroke, just like butterfly swimming, is highly technical and involves the complex coordination of the arm and leg actions, while back-stroke is definitely similar to front-crawl swimming. An experimental validation with reference to international-level swimmers is included.

【 授权许可】

Unknown   
Copyright © 2023 Verrelli, Romagnoli, Colistra, Ferretti, Annino, Bonaiuto and Manzi.