Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study

Frontiers in Nutrition

Nutrition

Jon Skorve¹  Bodil Bjørndal¹  Elin Strand¹  Rolf K. Berge¹  Pavol Bohov¹  Jan Erik Nordrehaug²  Espen Rostrup³  Elise Grytten⁴  Johnny Laupsa-Borge⁴  Simon N. Dankel⁵  Gunnar Mellgren⁵  Ottar K. Nygård⁶ 

[1] Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway;Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway;

关键词: sex-specific responses;    omega-3 PUFAs;    lipoprotein subfractions;    blood lipids;    glucose-insulin homeostasis;    abdominal obesity;    crossover design;    constrained linear mixed-effects modeling;   

DOI  :  10.3389/fnut.2023.1020678

 received in 2022-08-16, accepted in 2023-06-01,  发布年份 2023

来源: Frontiers

【 摘 要 】

BackgroundClinical studies on effects of marine-derived omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and the plant-derived omega-6 (n-6) PUFA linoleic acid (LA) on lipoprotein-lipid components and glucose-insulin homeostasis have shown conflicting results, which may partly be explained by differential responses in females and males. However, we have lacked data on sexual dimorphism in the response of cardiometabolic risk markers following increased consumption of n-3 or n-6 PUFAs.ObjectiveTo explore sex-specific responses after n-3 (EPA + DHA) or n-6 (LA) PUFA supplementation on circulating lipoprotein subfractions, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acids in red blood cell membranes, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity among people with abdominal obesity.MethodsThis was a randomized double-blind crossover study with two 7-week intervention periods separated by a 9-week washout phase. Females (n = 16) were supplemented with 3 g/d of EPA + DHA (fish oil) or 15 g/d of LA (safflower oil), while males (n = 23) received a dose of 4 g/d of EPA + DHA or 20 g/d of LA. In fasting blood samples, we measured lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acid profiles, and markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity.ResultsThe between-sex difference in relative change scores was significant after n-3 for total high-density lipoproteins (females/males: −11%*/−3.3%, p = 0.036; *: significant within-sex change), high-density lipoprotein particle size (+2.1%*/−0.1%, p = 0.045), and arachidonic acid (−8.3%*/−12%*, p = 0.012), and after n-6 for total (+37%*/+2.1%, p = 0.041) and small very-low-density lipoproteins (+97%*/+14%, p = 0.021), and lipoprotein (a) (−16%*/+0.1%, p = 0.028). Circulating markers of glucose-insulin homeostasis differed significantly after n-3 for glucose (females/males: −2.1%/+3.9%*, p = 0.029), insulin (−31%*/+16%, p < 0.001), insulin C-peptide (−12%*/+13%*, p = 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index 2 (−12%*/+14%*, p = 0.001) and insulin sensitivity index 2 (+14%*/−12%*, p = 0.001), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+4.9%*/−3.4%*, p < 0.001).ConclusionWe found sex-specific responses after high-dose n-3 (but not n-6) supplementation in circulating markers of glycemic control/insulin sensitivity, which improved in females but worsened in males. This may partly be related to the sex differences we observed in several components of the lipoprotein-lipid profile following the n-3 intervention.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier [NCT02647333].

【 授权许可】

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Copyright © 2023 Laupsa-Borge, Grytten, Bohov, Bjørndal, Strand, Skorve, Nordrehaug, Berge, Rostrup, Mellgren, Dankel and Nygård.